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1

Więzi społeczne jako przyczyna działań politycznych oraz przemian kulturowo-cywilizacyjnych

100%

Żejmo M.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

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2015

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vol. 12

119-131

EN

The researchers of the history of human development are unanimous about the fact that since the beginning of human existence to the present day the foundation of society are family ties. With the development of civilization mankind created new levels of social ties, which formed sequentially nationali-ty, country, civilizations until modern ties brought by globalization leads to the birth of humanity which is the most general. The development of means of communication, transport and media accelerates the processes of globalization inevitably leads to the formation of the Earth as a "global village" or a world without borders.

2

Współczesny szwajcarski federalizm

100%

Żejmo M.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

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2016

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vol. 13

183-199

EN

The political system of Switzerland is unique and in no other country around the world exists a system which would be in the least similar to this one. The Swiss constitution and the governmental system are thought to be exceptional because of numerous unique solutions introduced. They include direct democracy, the collective, a particular kind of federal cantons connected with a long lasting tradition of a democratic country, often referred to as Sonderfall – “a special case". The unwritten elements of the political culture such as the political concordats or the everlasting aspiration to the balance of the rules of the public life make it difficult for the observers of the public life in Switzerland to understand its rules. Nevertheless, it would be a misunderstanding not to take into consideration plentiful elements of the state structures of Switzerland, which are similar or even identical to the systems of other countries. There can be found some resemblance of the political systems of Switzerland, the USA or the Federal Republic of Germany . Referenda or other social initiatives, which are so frequently used in Switzerland, are also applied, e.g. in many states of the USA. Moreover, concordats are a special form of democratic relations as the consensus democracy and have been examined by political scientists in 36 countries as an opposition of the majoritarian democracy.

3

Istota przemian industrialnych w XIX wieku

100%

Żejmo M.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

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2015

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vol. 12

169-178

EN

The article presents the historical background and the institutional, political, social and economic effects which were caused by the industrial revolution, that began in England in the seventeenth century. The development of industry that replaced crafts and manufactories, caused the transfer of people from the countryside to the cities. This phenomenon was a direct cause of urbanization in Europe. Urban development and the creation of new social groups, especially the working class, had taken place. The devel-opment of industry and the use of engine production and mass transportation has become a cause of the development of not only the means of communication, but also a network of road and rail connections, which gradually merged to all of the European countries. The development of the railway contributed to the development of international trade with Russia, and by combining rail with Turkey it was also possible to deepen trade with the Middle East. The modernization of agriculture resulted in the use of modern agricultural machinery and equipment, and the development of the chemical industry in the form of fertilizers and plant protection products. The overall increase in the level of economic impact led to the growing importance of the banking sector and social security. At the end of the article some adverse events were also mentioned.

4

Wspólna aktywność Polski i Szwajcarii na arenie międzynarodowej

100%

Żejmo M.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

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2016

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vol. 13

275-290

EN

Regardless of the role attributed to the centuries-old tradition of Switzerland's atti-tude towards political and economic bilateral relations with individual countries and maintaining this pattern in international politics, the participation of Poland and Swit-zerland in international organizations continues to play a significant role in the relation between these two countries . Faced with the ever-increasing complexity of the global situation, which not only prevents isolationist policies, but also significantly reduces the effects of bilateral policy, the growing role of this plane is becoming increasingly appa-rent in numerous contexts of Polish-Swiss relations.

5

Polityka Szwajcarii wobec Unii Europejskiej

100%

Żejmo M.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2014

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vol. 19

144-165

EN

Despite the fact that Switzerland does not formally belong to the European Union, it has always been strongly associated with the above organization at various levels. At first, after World War II, the contact was established with considerable caution which resulted from economic and trade contacts of Swiss government with Germany and Italy maintained during the war. First international contracts were related to the economic sphere and later on expanded by addressing the sphere of social issues such as legal system, culture, charity, science and education. At present, due to bilateral agreements, Switzerland has been integrated with the European Union even more than its newest Member States, i.e. Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia, which confirms the significant flexibility of this Community as well as its great possibility to adapt to each of its Members. According to the Swiss, the greatest obstacle preventing this country from joining the EU is the upholding principle of eternal neutrality, although the importance of which has decreased over the years, it has been deeply rooted in Swiss mentality. Moreover, another factor preventing Switzerland from joining the EU is its strong economy as Swiss membership would result in the need to pay relatively higher contributions than that of other Member States of the Community. Although the contacts between the EU and Switzerland have been significantly intensified, the prospect of membership still seems relatively remote, all the more as bilateral agreements as well as participation in the Schengen area since 2008 make both parties satisfied and for now none of them intends to seek new solutions.

6

Wstępna analiza elementów integracji i dezintegracji Europy i Unii Europejskiej

100%

Żejmo M.

Studia Orientalne

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2014

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issue 1(5)

88-116

RU

С момента возникновения в 1957 г. Европейского Хозяйственного Союза, основанного такими государствами как Франция, Италия, Германия а также страны Бенилюкс, сегодняшний Евро союз переживал разного рода жизненные ситуации, как показательные успехи и увеличение числа его членов, так и кризисные моменты. Кризисы интеграции имели разные плоскости и разные измерения, начиная от разницы интересов, при ликвидации торговых ограничений между членами новой международной организации, которая должна была быть охвачена общими положениями для создания общих учреждений, защищающих дела союза перед странами не состоящими в союзе. На это накладываются отличия миропонимания, размеры экономики, исторический опыт и многие другие факторы, которые представляют собой всегда определенного рода более слабые или более сильные барьеры. Существенное значение имеет также миграционное движение, связанные с ним ожидания социального обеспечения, проблемы интеграции и культурной ассимиляции а также религиозной толерантности. Существенную роль играет ощущение коллективной европейской интеграции, которое систематически обследуется, а результаты, передаются политикам, что влияет на способы и направления их деятельности в этой сфере.

EN

Since the creation of the European Economic Community in 1957, founded by France, Italy, Germany and the countries of Benelux, the present-day European Union has gone through various changing fortunes, from spectacular triumphs and growing number of members to moments of crisis. Integration crises were of different nature, starting with differences of interests during elimination of trade restrictions between members of the new international organization which had to be covered by common regulations, in order to create common institutions protecting interests of the union from countries outside the organization. Another issues are: different ways of seeing the world, sizes of economy, historical experience and many other factors which always constitute some kind of barriers. Also important are migration movements, respective expectations of social security, problems of integration and cultural assimilation, as well as religious tolerance. One cannot forget about the feeling of collective European integration which is systematically examined, and the results are forwarded to politicians, which influences the methods and directions of their actions in this scope.

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4 Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

1 Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

1 Studia Orientalne

2 2016

2 2015

2 2014

6 Żejmo M.

Więzi społeczne jako przyczyna działań politycznych oraz przemian kulturowo-cywilizacyjnych

Współczesny szwajcarski federalizm

Istota przemian industrialnych w XIX wieku

Wspólna aktywność Polski i Szwajcarii na arenie międzynarodowej

Polityka Szwajcarii wobec Unii Europejskiej

Wstępna analiza elementów integracji i dezintegracji Europy i Unii Europejskiej