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Łódź w przededniu I wojny światowej

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Klemantowicz D.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
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2015
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vol. 24
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issue 2
33-50
EN
Łódź on the threshold of the First World War was a multicultural and in some way neglected multicultural metropolis with increasing after the 1905–1907 revolution religious and national divisions and weak assimilation progress with the Polish culture. It was a “promised land” for wealthy people, particularly of German and Jewish origin. It was a place of great hopes and sometimes of disappointments for the educated who came from other cities in the Congress Poland and peasants from villages outside Łódź. For the majority, particularly for workers, it was a special place where they had to work for a living and tried to find some happiness in this “Eastern Bagdad”.
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Aktywność ziemian w przemyśle powiatu sieradzkiego przed I wojną światową

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Klemantowicz D., Łódzki U.
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2010
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vol. 08
EN
In the first half of the 19th century we can observe considerable activity of landowners in the industry of the Sieradz district (distilleries, brickyards, lumber milles). Fall of the November Revolt coming into existence and then January Revolt and repressions resulting from them undermined the economic potential of owners of properties. The important factor in the second half of the 19th century stimulating evolution of industry was rural reform and very big employing burgesses mainly of German and Jewish origin. The low activity of landowners in the industrialization of the Sieradz district before the First Word War resulted above all from the specificity of the region (internal weak market), of lack of capital, of real politics from part of tsar’s authority, the proper education, the professionals and mentality and the great competition on the part of burgesses of wealth from administrative Sieradz district and from whole Łódź region. When landowners owned big properties, capitals had wanted for investment in industry too. For example in the 18th century in Wołyń owners of workshops were great holders of properties of Polish origins exclusively.
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Ks. Waldemar Gliński, Reformy kształcenia duchowieństwa diecezjalnego w Królestwie Polskim w latach 1815–1837, Archidiecezjalne Wydawnictwo Łódzkie, Łódź 2009, ss. 338

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Klemantowicz D.
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2010
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vol. 08
4
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Rewolucja 1905 roku w opinii Henryka Vimarda

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Klemantowicz D., Łódzki U.
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
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2005
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vol. 4
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issue 2
5
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Miodosytnictwo w zaborze rosyjskim przed I wojną światową

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Klemantowicz D.
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2011
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vol. 09
EN
Mead and honey beer were known on polish lands for centuries. Polish meads were a highly coveted commodity. Meads was have taken away to other European countries. During the second half of the 18th century the production of mead in Poland fell into decline due to the political and economic policy of the partitioning countries. It revived in the latter part of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century again, first of all in Russian annexation and in smaller degree Austrian annexation. Before the First World War it was on the grounds of Russian annexation of the most salt-works of honey on Ruś (Ukraine) and in Polish Kingdom, less on Lithuania and Belarus. But first of all, it decide about largeness of production Ruś, Lithuania in smallest degree and Polish Kingdom. On Lithuania grodzieńska gubernia, in Polish Kingdom warszawska gubernia. In Poland mead was served in monasteries and homes of the Polish nobility. A favourable drink of the Piast and Jagiellonian dynasties, mead was also extolled by Zagłoba, the famous 17th century warrior described by Henryk Sienkiewicz in “The Trilogy”.
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Uprzemysłowienie powiatu sieradzkiego na kilka lat przed wybuchem I wojny światowej

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Klemantowicz D., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2012
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vol. 10
EN
The District of Sieradz, located on the eastern border of the western province of the Kalisz – Lodz industrial area, was in existence before the First World War. Its peripheral location had a negative impact on the dynamic development of industry. Despite this, the district developed one important industrial centre, in Zdunska Wola, where a textile industry – dominated by large and small companies – exists together with food industry, minerals, wood and metal engineering. There was much competition from the industrial centres of Lodz, Pabianice, Zgierz and Tomaszow, in the region of Lodz. The small amount of industrial development was mainly decided by the district’s agricultural character and a weak domestic market. The railway connection between Lodz and Kalisz, which facilitated trade in goods, came too late. The district was attractive as a reservoir of cheap labour, and a place where finished products could easily be exported. In the province of Kalisz around 1910 was on the third place in terms of industrialization, shortly after the district Kalisz, where it operated the largest industrial centre of the province – Kalisz and Łęczyca, which played a large center of textile industry in Ozorków.
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Aktywność gospodarcza Jana i Kazimierza Arkuszewskich jako przedstawicieli kapitału polskiego na terenie Łodzi i Królestwa Polskiego do roku 1914

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Klemantowicz D., Łódzki U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
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1998
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vol. 63
EN
Favourable conditions for development of industry in Łódź during the second half of the XIXth century and at the beginning of the ХХШ century were not used profitably by Polish bourgeois which was created then. Polish enterprise met a strong competition from more active and professional Germans and Jews, who operated a large amount of capital. Cousins Jan and Kazimierz Arkuszewski were among few Polish entrepreneurs who achieved a real success. They were well educated (they both graduated from the Institute of Technology in Petersburg) and family capital enabled them to start their business activity - at first placed only in Łódź. After several years they were among middle class entrepreneurs, but also among the richest Polish manufacturers of Łódź. К. Arkuszewski who became a co-owner of the Mechanical Plant „E. Plage and T. Laśkiewicz” entered even the upper class business (employed 201-500 workers). Machines produced by Arkuszewskis’ factory became well known for their quality and the plant won great popularity in the Kingdom of Poland. It was first Łódź plant which Produced central heating equipment and among first such plants in Poland. Arkuszewskis were involved not only in metal and machine industry, but also in other branches, for example in food industry.
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Przemysł metalowo-maszynowy w łódzkim okręgu przemysłowym w latach 1899-1914

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Klemantowicz D.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
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1995
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vol. 52
EN
The last twenty years of the 19th century were characterized by rapid development of industry in Łódź industrial district. Undoubtedly this development was mainly caused by the development of textile industry. However, the views of the hitherto existing literature identifying Łódź district only with textile industry seem to be wrong. Dominating textile industry stimulated the development of non-textile branches of industry including metal - machine industry which is being described. Yet, not anly textile industry decided about the development of Łódź industrial district at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, but other branches as well. In hitherto existing literature there have not been any works describing particular branches of industry including metal-machine industry. The aim of this article is presentation of the development of metal - machine branch in Lodz district. In 1899-1913 in Łódź industrial district an increase of contribution o f metal machine factories took place. This increase can be noticed both in the growth of production and employment and a number of factories as well. The demand for the machines for textile industry dccided about the development of metal-machine industry in the district. That is where an unusual role of the mechanic factories during the studied period and the concentration of metal-mechanic branch mainly in Łódź come from. The development of this industry in Łódź was influenced by big and great factories and to a less degree by middle-sized companies.
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X Ogólnopolska Konferencja Sekcji Archiwów Instytucji Naukowych i Kulturalnych SAP pt. „Archiwum jako wizytówka macierzystej instytucji” (Poznań, 24-25 czerwca 2004)

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Klemantowicz D., Łódzki U.
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
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2004
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vol. 3
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issue 2
10
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Zabytkowa kamienica przy ul. Sienkiewicza 21 w Łodzi

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Klemantowicz D., Uniwersytet Łódzki A. i. M. U.
Zeszyty Wiejskie
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2016
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vol. 22
EN
In the city center of Lodz, on the corner of 21, Henryk Sienkiewicz street (formerly Wild, Mikołajewska) and 10, Stanislaw Moniuszko street (formerly Passage Meyer) there is a historic town house. Since 1990 it had been the property of the University of Lodz. Until recently it housed the Germanic philology. A few years ago the Department of German was transferred to the newly constructed building of the Faculty of Philology at the University of Lodz at 171/173, Pomorska street. The first owner of the building was Louis Meyer (1841–1911), a well-known industrialist of German origin at the end of the nineteenth century. He was one of approx. 30 Lodz millionaires. A few years before World War I Solomon Danziger (1858–1938) purchased the property of the Jewish faith industrialist, and during the Second World War it became the property of the Germans. It is currently owned by the University of Lodz.
11
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Wojciech Kossak a burżuazja łódzka

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Klemantowicz D.
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2009
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vol. 06
EN
Łódź before the First World War was one of biggest industrial centre on polish lands. It lived about 500 thousand person here. In 1914 there was 48,8% Poles, 26,6% Germans, 23,1% Jews, 0,9% Russians and 0,6% representatives of other nationalities. A bourgeoisie took active part in the economic, social and cultural life of the city. The bourgeoisie presented before 1914 about 3,2% whole of population. The multiethnic bourgeoisie predominated in Łódź and also tradesmen and workers. The cultural life not was one of the most important symptoms of the development of the city of Łódź. Wojciech Kossak liked better company of aristocracy, especially polish. He tolerated bourgeoisie in smallest degree. Łódź did not belong to cities which he admire. In the city of Łódź lived the families of the Scheiblers and Herbsts which Kossak respected.
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