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EN
The author of the paper aims at providing a description of lexical units containing the segment 'odkryc' with respect to their structure and meaning. The method of analysis is based on putting forward hypotheses in the form of analytical implications and subjecting them to falsification by bringing them down to contradiction. The content of the paper focuses on issues relating to reconstruction of the form of lexical units (on the basis of segment and supra-segment signals) and reconstruction of the hierarchy of meaningful components. In close relationship with the content of the analyzed terms, discussion is presented on the following notions: 'zrobic cos', 'wynikac' and 'wiedziec'. The author tries to prove that those components belong to the semantic structure of the examined phrase; he also proposes a preliminary explication of meanings in the terms of natural semantic meta-language.
EN
The article is reconnaissance. The author seeks to answer the question: is transformations are psychologically real? The content of the paper focuses on issues relating to the hypothesis of grammar: transformational grammar and theme-rheme grammar. In close relationship with the analyzed problem author make some experiments. On this basis, the author draws own conclusions.
EN
The term used in the title has not been so far the subject of a more extensive linguistic reflection. The author of the paper aims at providing a semantic-generative description of sentences containing the segment 'argumentowac' with respect to their structure and meaning. The discussion starts from a critical reflection on the current state of knowledge. Referring to results of studies, the author proposes several solutions of his own. He tries to answer, what are selectional restrictions and lexical meaning of this word and describes a deep and surface relationship between words in the verbal phrase.
EN
The article discusses the usage of kulkul drums which have been used for centuries on the island of Bali. The history of these instruments is sparsely documented, yet both their presence in almost all the spheres of social life and in comparative material from neighbouring regions suggest that the use of the kalkul could have had a place before the Hindu influences. The contemporary instruments are of a type suspended vertically, beaten from the outside, and made of wood (Michelia champaka, Michelia alba, Artocarpus heterophyllus) or of bamboo. The details of construction and the sounds made depend on the function of a particular drum and on the context of its use. The inhabitants of Bali distinguish particular types of these instruments according to their locality, namely: kulkul pura, kulkul puri, kulkul banjar (desa, subak), kulkul seka, kulkul umah, kulkul kubu. Some of the motifs played on these instruments are known on the whole island: kulkul num pit (num pang), kulkul kelayu sekar, kulkul nganten (mati), kulkul ngayah (gotong-royong), kulkul bulus. The relationship between the instruments and the motifs performed have been compiled in the form of a scheme which was interpreted in the context of the contemporary culture of Bali with the reference to the symbols and ideas deeply rooted in religious ceremonies (a cosmic mountain, an opened gate) and the social customs (a dichotomy jero-jaba).
EN
The article presents some results of his field research carried between 1997 and 2001 in Vilnius region. It focuses on a topic not sufficiently studied in song-oriented ethnomusicology, namely instrumental practice - the kinds of instruments, social image and activities of instrumentalists. Special attention is paid to dance tradition. The author could find only 19 instrumentalists of the older generation who play dulcimer, fiddle or accordion. The traditional set of instruments includes the dulcimer, fiddle and one-sided small drum (tambourine). Historical sources confirm the existence of the musical bow and numerous aerophones connected with shepherding, such as flutes and horns. Until the 19th century the region was visited by players on hurdy-gurdies and bagpipes. The evolution of the accordion in the 20th century can be well illustrated in the region. The author discusses the process of cultural changes, e.g. the influence of broadcasting and folk ensembles, comparing historical data with contemporary interviews. His typology of local dances which comprises ritual, social, and play dances refers to the older ones of the 1930s. Dances and dance behaviour are described in a detailed way also by the performers themselves. The text presents local knowledge also on value system, e.g. standards of excellence in musical and dance performance, and generally it preserves the cultural heritage of the Polish national minority in Lithuania.
EN
The article presents the results of laboratory experiments on several linguistic hypotheses. The experiments were checked for their epistemological control of the psychological reality of the world description that they offer. The article refers to the psycholinguistic experiments that aim to define the explanatory adequacy of the semantic models that simulate the implementation of the representative function of the language. The two themes: philological (linguistic) and cognitive (neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic) are combined in the article.
EN
The term used in the title so far has not been the subject of a more extensive linguistic reflection. The author of the paper aims at providing a disciplined description of lexical units containing the segment zastanawiać się with respect to their structure and meaning. The method of analysis is based on putting forward hypotheses in the form of analytical implications and subjecting them to falsification by bringing them down to contradiction. The content of the paper focuses on issues relating to the reconstruction of the form of lexical units (on the basis of segment and suprasegmental signals) and reconstruction of the hierarchy of meaningful components. In close relationship with the content of the terms of analysis, a discussion is presented on the basis of the following notions: ‘ktoś’, ‘wiedzieć’, ‘chcieć’, ‘powodować’, ‘stać się’, ‘robić coś’, ‘być gotowym powiedzieć’. The author tries to prove that those components belong to the semantic structure of the examined phrase; he also proposes a preliminary explication of meanings in terms of natural semantic meta-language.
EN
The article is a reconnaissance. First, the author discusses with the authors of the classification of language and speech. Second, the author formulates own proposals in question of quality and quantity of units of human speech. The author distinguishes between units who perform functions: representative (propositional) and communication (text) and analyzes it based on different linguistic programs.
EN
The article is reconnaissance. The author seeks to answer the question: which model of grammar is psychologically real? The content of the paper focuses on issues relating to the hypothesis of grammar: phrase structures grammar and dependency grammar. In close relationship with the analyzed problem author make some experiments. On this basis, the author draws own conclusions.
EN
The article is a type of reconnaissance. The author aims at providing a description of the limits of language, including the structure and meaning, focusing particularly on the issues relating to the limitations of speech. The author seeks the answer the following question: what and to what extent can be said? In close relationship with the analyzed problem author explicates selection features of the verbs of speaking. On this basis, the author creates a classification of sentences.
EN
The term used in the title has, so far, not been the subject of a more extensive linguistic reflection. The author of the paper aims at providing a description of lexical units implying the argument 'unborn being (child)' with respect to their structure and meaning. The method of analysis is based on proposing hypotheses in the form of analytical implications and subjecting them to falsification by bringing them down to contradiction. The content of the paper focuses on issues relating to the reconstruction of the form of lexical units (verbs). In a close reference to the content of the analysed terms, the discussion considers also the following notions: 'żyć', 'wiedzieć', 'robić' and many others. The author tries to prove that those components belong to the semantic structure of the examined phrases with the term child (unborn).
EN
The aim of this paper is to provide a classification of linguistic programmes. Referring to the philosophical concept of research programmes, the author proposes a number of original solutions. The content of the article focuses on issues related to the problems of the linguistic study and the methods of solving them. The author attempts to prove that the concept of programmes by I. Lakatos explains the development of linguistic research better than the concept of paradigms proposed by Th. Kuhn.
EN
So far the term used in the title has not been an object of a more extensive linguistic reflection. The author of this paper aims at providing a thorough description of the lexical unit zwierzę with respect to its meaning and collocations. In the opinion of the author, the results obtained indicate the location of animals on the scala naturae.
EN
The author of the paper aims at providing a disciplined description of expressions that refer to semantic properties associated with animals and their minds. The author reflects on the role of animals in language (on he basis of linguistic data), and asks whether animals think. The author hypothesizes that animals think differently from men, because they do not speak and they think only about what they need. The method of analysis is based on putting forward hypotheses in the form of analytical implications and subjecting them to falsification by bringing them down to contradiction.
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EN
The term used in the title has not so far been the subject of a more extensive linguistic reflection. The author of the paper aims at providing a disciplined description of lexical units containing the segment żyć with respect to their structure and meaning. The method of analysis is based on putting forward hypotheses in the form of analytical implications and subjecting them to falsification by bringing them down to contradiction. The content of the paper focuses on issues relating to reconstruction of the form of lexical units (on the basis of segment and supra-segment signals) and reconstruction of the hierarchy of meaningful components. In close relationship with the content of the analysed terms, also the notions wiedzieć ('to know') and robić ('to do/make') are discussed. The author tries to prove that those components belong to the semantic structure of the examined phrase; he also proposes a preliminary explication of meanings in the terms of natural semantic meta-language.
EN
Investor relations play a significant role in increasing a company’s value and may contribute to improving its image in the business environment. It is the transparency and reliability of the information provided that affects the trust and willingness of investors to identify with a given company. The purpose of the article is to show the role of investor relations among companies in Poland. An overview of publications in Polish and English was conducted. The essence, goals and the instruments of investor relations were the focus of the study. Only the companies that engage in new technological solutions used by investor relations, e.g. videoconferences, conference calls, teleconferences, Facebook, and Twitter, are successful in the modern capital market. Moreover, a survey was conducted among Polish individual investors. Its results demonstrated what preferences and requirements Polish investors have with regard to information. Moreover, the analysis of the investors’ responses also showed the degree to which Polish stock exchange companies are involved in the communication through new technologies.
PL
Relacje inwestorskie odgrywają znaczącą rolę w zwiększaniu wartości firmy oraz mogą przyczynić się do poprawy jej wizerunku w otoczeniu biznesowym. To właśnie transparentność i rzetelność przekazywanych informacji wpływa na zaufanie i chęć identyfikacji inwestorów z daną spółką. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie roli relacji inwestorskich między spółkami w Polsce. Dokonano przeglądu literaturowego pozycji polskich oraz anglojęzycznych. Skupiono się na istocie, celach i narzędziach relacji inwestorskich. Sukces na współczesnym rynku kapitałowym odnoszą wyłącznie te spółki, które angażują się w nowe rozwiązania technologiczne wykorzystywane przez investor relations, np. wideokonferencje, conference call, telekonferencje, Facebook, Twitter. Ponadto przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe wśród polskich inwestorów indywidualnych. Jego wyniki wskazały, jakie preferencje informacyjne i wymagania mają inwestorzy w Polsce. Co więcej, analiza odpowiedzi inwestorów ukazała także stopień zaangażowania polskich spółek giełdowych w komunikację poprzez nowe technologie.
PL
Współczesna firma produkcyjna musi przezwyciężać bariery komunikacyjne, geograficzne a często kulturowe, aby poprawić koordynację zadań realizowanych przez różne grupy robocze w ramach cyklu życia wyrobu. W referacie przedstawiono podejście, które zostało zastosowane w m iędzynarodowej korporacji, mające na celu usprawnienie wymiany informacji pomiędzy rozproszonymi zespołami projektowymi. Ważne aspekty współdzielenia danych, w szczególności technologie wizualizacji do kumentacji technicznej, zostały omówione dokładniej. Przedstawiono architekturę środowiska oraz funkcje systemu.
EN
Today’s global manufacturing company must overcome communication, geographical and often cultural barriers in order to increase coordination of product life-cycle activities, carried out by dispersed working groups. This paper describes an approach that was undertaken in cross-bordered company to improve the electronic data exchange between product development teams. Important aspects of data sharing, especially visualization technologies are discussed in details. Collaborative environment architecture and system functionality are presented.
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