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POHYB POZA HRANICE: INTERMEDIÁLNE A TRANSMEDIÁLNE VZŤAHY

100%
Tomašovičová J.
World Literature Studies
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 3
29 – 39
EN
Various questions concerning relations between the old and the new media, as well as relations between different sign systems, resound in current discussions about remediation. The proposition of J. D. Bolter and R. Grusin who claim that media always comment on each other and reproduce and substitute one another gives rise to the relevant methodological question: what possible forms and qualities of mutual relationships and links between various types of media can be identified? Or, in other words, how do we specify phenomena such as intermediality and transmediality, which include the whole complex of bonds and links but at the same time, regarding their terminology, display a certain level of ambiguity? The author compares several interpretative approaches to the abovementioned phenomena that stem from German ideological concepts and aims at pointing out their possible concurrence as well as their current terminological differences. She confronts W. Wolf ’s and I. Rajewsky’s concepts of intermediality and transmediality with the more recent attempts at terminological clarification of both phenomena: by U. Wirth and R. Simanowski. At the same time, the author does not ignore the fact that the latest methodological tendencies are not isolated in their theoretical reflections but follow several relevant premises. These premises include fundamental ideological struggles that have taken place in modern art, semiotics and philosophy, viz. the crisis of representation, and poststructuralist attempts at loosening or even over-stepping the text’s limits. Both tendencies can be seen as turning points; they have modified stabilized forms and deep-rooted interpretative formulae by which they laid the foundation for the subsequent new approach to media studies that interconnects art, literary studies, philosophy and digital technology.
2
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HETEROTOPIAS AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN ART AND SCIENCE

100%
Tomašovičová J.
World Literature Studies
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2017
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vol. 9
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issue 3
3 – 13
EN
Michel Foucault characterized heterotopias as specific spaces which disrupt and overturn our existing systems, the hitherto valid order of things and also our ways of thinking. They are significantly important particularly from the point of view of culture, since they affect cultural dynamic transformations. The author in her contribution points out that we presently discover such specific spaces mainly by means of modern technologies. Regarding digital media, the database – a collection of digital data – has a heterotopic character; it neutralizes the present forms of orders and preferences. Images, sounds and words are loosened from their indexicality and are converted into numerical code, which enables the modification and combination of the obtained data. The database thus represents a new type of space which subverts the standard organization of signs. Modern technologies also unveil other unconventional spaces of our micro and macro worlds. The newest medical technologies such as ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging penetrate through the surface of the human body into the depths of biological structures in order to obtain their image, and they indeed make the molecular system of the human organism visible. This molecular system can be characterized by high complexity, multifunctionality and highly variable interactions, and the medical technologies in a certain way contribute to the fact that our forms of knowledge are constantly enhanced, extended and sometimes even refuted. This current expansion of heterotopia corresponds with Foucault’s opinion that every epoch creates its own spaces which strive to gain their legitimacy. It is interesting that in both cases of the above-mentioned examples of heterotopia the data transformation can be seen as a significant form of their element arrangement, and thus the borders not only between semiotic systems but also between scientific and artistic discourses are gradually wiped out.
3

VYNÁRANIE VZNEŠENÉHO

100%
Tomašovičová J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 7
592-599
EN
J. F. Lyotard described several transformations in art history and pointed out, that the motive power of contemporary art, i.e. modern and postmodern arts, is the sublime. What does this esthetical category mean, if not that to what the common concepts, such as inspiring, admirable, or the transcendent refer? The attention is paid to Kant's articulation of the category in his 'Critique of Judgment'. Points of identity as well as of difference are searched between Kant's conception and the reflections on the problem by J. F. Lyotard, who drew on B. Newman and provided an ontological interpretation of the sublime.
4

NOVÉ FORMY ŽIVOTA? FILOZOFICKÉ REFLEXIE SYNTETICKEJ BIOLÓGIE

100%
Tomašovičová J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2018
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vol. 73
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issue 6
437 – 448
EN
The contribution´s focus is primarily on ontological and anthropological issues which appear in a new research field, namely synthetic biology. Since one of the objectives of the latter is creating new forms of life, it is the criteria for defining the ontological status of synthetically created organisms as well as for differentiating between complex living organisms and artefacts that become prominent. It is paid also attention to the question to what extent the new information unveiled by synthetic biology could bring about a change of the anthropological concept of a human being or his/her self-understanding. The interpretations of a human being are based not only on cultural-historical, but also on scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider the consequences of new scientific knowledge for the anthropological concept of a human being. In conclusion the article shows the possible practical applications of synthetic biology as well as possible related threats.
5
Content available remote

PARALLELS BETWEEN TWO WORLDS: LITERARY SCIENCE-FICTION IMAGERY AND TRANSHUMANIST VISIONS

100%
Tomašovičová J.
World Literature Studies
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2021
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vol. 13
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issue 1
31 - 42
EN
The prerequisites for transhumanist visions can be identified on anthropological, social, scientific, and technological levels. But one cannot neglect science-fiction literature, which provides transhumanism with inspiration and literary imagery. This article focuses on three selected motifs in the well-known Foundation series by Isaac Asimov, which discusses in relation to ideas of transhumanism. In the first part, the article highlights the visionary and subversive character of these works and seeks similar traits in transhumanism. The second part discusses big data analysis, which is an important component of literary storytelling and which fuels the development of artificial intelligence, which, according to transhumanists, will lead to the creation of superintelligence. The third motif is the confrontation with beings that possess superhuman abilities, something both Asimov’s work and transhumanist visions deal with and which opens up questions about coexistence with those who are unlike us. Literary and transhumanist visions have multiple parallels and encourage deeper social, ethical, and anthropological analyses of important topics.
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