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PL
W pracy zbadano związek między wzrostem i rozwojem gospodarczym a efektywnością finansową ROA i ROE banków komercyjnych w krajach UE. Z uzyskanych danych wynika, że w większości krajów UE nie odnotowano przyczynowości w sensie Grangera między badanymi zmiennymi, co oznacza, że między nimi nie ma statystycznie istotnego związku. Wzrost gospodarczy miał statystycznie istotny wpływ na efektywność finansową ROA i ROE banków komercyjnych w Grecji, Irlandii, na Łotwie, w Polsce i na Węgrzech. Z kolei rozwój gospodarczy mierzony PKB per capita wpływał statystycznie istotnie na poziom efektywności finansowej ROA i ROE banków komercyjnych jedynie w Belgii. Efektywność finansowa ROA banków komercyjnych miała wpływ na wzrost gospodarczy PKB w Holandii i w Niemczech oraz na rozwój gospodarczy PKB per capita w Belgii. Efektywność finansowa ROE banków komercyjnych wpływa statystycznie istotnie na wzrost gospodarczy PKB w Holandii i w Niemczech oraz na rozwój gospodarczy PKB per capita w Luksemburgu.
EN
The paper examined the relationship between economic growth and development and ROA and ROE financial efficiency of commercial banks in EU countries. The data obtained show that in most EU countries there has not been Granger causality between the study variables, which means that between them there is not a statistically significant relationship. Economic growth had a statistically significant impact on the ROA and ROE financial efficiency of commercial banks in Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Poland and Hungary. In turn, economic development measured by GDP per capita influenced statistically significantly on the level of ROA and ROE financial efficiency of commercial banks only in Belgium. ROA financial efficiency of commercial banks had an impact on economic growth (GDP) in the Netherlands and Germany and on economic development (GDP per capita) in Belgium. ROE financial efficiency of commercial banks influenced statistically significantly on economic growth (GDP) in the Netherlands and Germany and on economic development (GDP per capita) in Luxembourg.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the food sector in Poland during 2008-2012, compared to selected European Union Member States, and to define the factors affecting growth of the sector under consideration. The structure of sold production of the Polish food industry and the levels of food production in Europe are presented in the paper. Discussion covers quantitative fluctuations in the number of businesses and production value of food products, as well as employment and salaries in the food sector. Finally, growth perspectives are determined for the studied sector.
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