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Szlachta ziemi ciechanowskiej w świetle taryfy podymnego z 1775 roku

100%
Pszczółkowski A. A.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2011
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vol. 30
25-52
EN
The author of the article examines the 1775 chimney tax register for the Ciechanów region compiled in accordance with a parliamentary act provisions; in particular, he examines the size of the local nobility population and its stratification. For the purpose of comparison the author used birth, marriage and death registers as well as court and visitation (church) registers. In 1775 there were 8.120 hearths listed to be taxed in the three districts (Ciechanów, Przasnysz and Sąchocin) making up the Ciechanów region. Among them, 6.557 hearths in villages and 5 hearths in towns were owned by the nobility (2.699 separate estates in total). The richest nobility owners (with 30 or more hearths) owned 2.372 hearths, i.e. over 36% of nobility-owned hearths in villages and over 29% of all hearths in the Ciechanów region. This group usually held state or local offices and made up only 1.5% of nobility owners in the region. Other local members of the nobility owned small manor farms or one-hearth smallholdings. The biggest groups of impoverished nobility were to be found in the Ciechanów district, and in the western and central part of the Przasnysz district. After discounting the hearths inhabited by peasants in nobility estates and adding the inhabitants of farms as well as priests — in both cases usually coming from the local nobility — together with their families and relatives, the local nobility population could be estimated at 13.500 people (assuming that there were 5 people living in each nobility-inhabited hearth), i.e. over 31% of the entire population of the region in question. This source, when compared with the birth, marriage and death registers as well as court and parishioner registers, proves to be highly credible and complete. It confirms that the local nobility population was large and stratified — from few potentates of national significance to numerous paupers.
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Ludność parafii Krzynowłoga Mała w świetle podatków podymnego z 1661 i pogłównego z 1662 roku

100%
Pszczółkowski A. A.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2012
|
vol. 31
43 - 68
EN
The article follows Irena Gieysztor’s call encouraging scholars to compare nearly simultaneous registers of taxes — the 1661 chimney tax and the 1662 poll tax — compiled throughout the Kingdom of Poland. Such comparisons on a microscale — for individual villages of parishes — would make it possible to determine the reliability of both registers and, consequently, their usefulness for historians studying demography. The present author analyses these two registers from a village parish of Krzynowłoga Mała (Ciechanów region), which had a high percentage of petty nobility. The chimney tax (levied on buildings) was paid in this parish by no fewer than 154 noblemen — among them, only 7 paid the tax on behalf of peasants, while the others paid it for themselves (petty nobility). There were 204 nresidential buildings, including manor houses and the vicarage, in the parish. The poll tax (levied on people, with the exception of the elderly, beggars, cripples and children under the age of 10), shows the peasant population as a collective and the nobility — as individual households, of which there were as many as 191. In total, there were 954 taxed individuals — 513 noblemen, 22 craftsmen, 419 peasants and servants. In addition, the parish register also included about 10 persons living in the vicarage (the tax paid in separate registers for the clergy). Taking into account an upward adjustment of 27%, there were 1320 people living in the parish at the time. There are no surviving comparative sources. A comparison of both tax registers has enabled the author to determine the number of people in one peasant household — 6.3 (8.7 after upward adjustment). The poll tax register is much more reliable and complete than the chimney tax register, because it shows various social groups. In the poll tax register we have 184 petty nobility households, while the chimney tax was paid by only 146 of such noblemen.
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