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Stanisława Tomkowicza Inwentarz zabytków powiatu jasielskiego, z rekopisów Autora wydali i własnymi komentarzami opatrzyli Piotr i Tadeusz Łopatkiewiczowie, Kraków : Muzeum Narodowe, 2001 : [recenzja]

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2002

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issue 1

110-112

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POWOŁANIE KOLEGIUM DORADCZEGO DS. OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW ARCHITEKTURY MODERNISTYCZNEJ W POLSCE

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 1

21-22

EN

The condition of buildings dating from the modernist period gives rise to increasing anxiety. A breakthrough event was the demolition of the Supersam shop in Warsaw despite universal recognition of its architectural merits. The decision was made at a time when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the most prestigious institutions associated with architecture in the world, was holding a one-man show of projects by Prof.Waclaw Zalewski, the co-author of the Supersam building. The above-mentioned demolition accentuated the necessity of urgent steps concerning the protection of twentieth-century architecture. This is the reason why Dr. Marcin Gawlicki, director of the National Heritage Board of Poland, set up a team entrusted with the task of preparing rules for the valorisation and protection of architecture from the modernist period. The Polish section of DOCOMOMO (Documentation and Conservation of Buildings, Sites and Neighbourhoods of the Modern Movement) declared it willingness to cooperate. The first meeting established the course of the team's activity. The prime objective is to be the preparation of a strategy of protecting modernist buildings in Poland, frequently threatened with considerable redesigning or demolition. The most urgent tasks include defining the rules of the documentation of twentieth century buildings and uniform criteria of appraising the worth of modernist architecture, together with a selection of the most valuable edifices from this period in particular parts of the country. The next session will deal with uniform rules of documenting modernist architecture and the criteria of its assessment.

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[Redakcja kwartalnika "Ochrona Zabytków" : odpowiedź na list A. Majewskiej-Rau]

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2001

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issue 3

344

4

Zabytkowa kamienica w Polsce międzywojennej : badania, konserwacja, adaptacje

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2002

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issue 3-4

241-260

EN

Thorough research into town houses was initiated during the first half of the twentieth century, the period of the first modern studies dealing with the urban development of old towns (the most extensive investigations were conducted in Lvov, Warsaw and Cracow). The investigations encompassed an analysis of particular town houses as well as their complexes perceived from the viewpoint of the history of architecture. Scientific investigations conducted at the time inspired the conservation of old town houses, which entailed reconstruction of wartime devastation, the recreation and rebuilding of transformed parts of buildings, and the conservation of historical townhouse complexes as well as a reform of the development of the lots. A number of town houses in Lvov, Cracow, Warsaw, Toruń, Vilno and several smaller centres was subjected to conservation. Greatest importance was attached to the façade and rendering its spatial configuration more legible, without, as a rule, due attention paid to the development of building lots. Conservation entailed the repair and conservation of elevations and, sometimes, of particular details (masonry or ceilings). Upon certain occasions, the conservation of interiors led to the removal of secondary divisions and rendering the historical outfitting of the interiors more legible. Upon other occasions, old town houses were arranged in a contemporary mode. Such reconstruction was carried out in a historical spirit (arbitrary compositions of neo-Renaissance, neo-Baroque, Neoclassical and modern elements). The town houses were also granted a contemporary modernist outfitting which referred to stylised historical forms. The work conducted at the time frequently exceeded the binding theory of the history and conservation of architecture, and the applied solutions were repeated after the second world war when they probably influenced the conception of reconstructing the townhouse development of historical cities. The article analyses research focused on old town houses, conducted in Poland up to 1939, and the trends of reconstruction after World War I. The author went on to consider the conservation of historical buildings, focusing on their range and applied methods, and presented the most important conservation undertakings of the period. The last discussed issue is the problem of modern architecture adjoining historical town houses, widely considered at the time.

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Postulat odbudowy wieży kościoła na Świętym Krzyżu i konieczność dalszych prac badawczo-konserwatorskich przy zespole klasztornym na Łyściu

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2001

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issue 1

89-103

EN

The article postulates the reconstruction of the destroyed tower of the former Benedictine monastery of the Holy Cross on £ysiec in the OEwiêtokrzyskie Mts. In the past, the tower, together with its picturesque helmet, constituted a landmark that shaped the surrounding cultural landscape. The tower was built of cut stone during the reconstruction of the monastery and the church after the fire of 1781, and survived in a satisfactory state to the beginning of the twentieth century. On 31 October 1914 withdrawing Austrian troops plundered assorted elements of the historical monastic complex and blew up the church tower, whose collapse caused serious damage to the church. Rapid reconstruction was hampered by insufficient financial means and the dramatic situation of the partially abandoned and ruined abbey. The conception of rebuilding the tower was revived during the 1960s. The project prepared at the time assumed a faithful reconstruction according to appearance prior to destruction. Plans were made for using some of the preserved original cut stones in the elevation. From the viewpoint of conservation, the above mentioned project can be described as the construction of a copy of the tower (on a 1:1 scale) and the anastylosis of some of its architectural details. The range of the planned rebuilding of the tower’s outer shape permitted the application of a contemporary construction of the edifice and raising it with the help of modern construction methods. The project remains topical, and constitutes the foundation for all further plans of recreating the Holy Cross tower. Today, the area around the church no longer contains any elements testifying to the existence of a tower, whose role was effectively assumed by a television tower dominating over the nearby landscape. The construction of this particular tower was a symptom of ignoring the preserved cultural landscape and the supremacy of practical and economic aspects, which became more important than the further preservation of the unchanged surrounding of the monastic complex and the natural environment. The author proposes research and conservation postulates concerning the architecture of the complex, and draws attention to certain issues which should be explained and analysed. They include important research in the archives of those Benedictine abbeys with which the Holy Cross maintained contacts as well as in the Central Benedictine Archive.

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Mur ceglany jako przedmiot badań architektonicznych

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2000

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issue 3

252-266

EN

The author presents a critical discussion of methods used in historical-architectonic studies on brick walls upon the basis of heretofore research concerning methods of architectonic investigations, work conducted on the spot, and examples of studies and conservation. The applied methods of architectonic studies were presented from the viewpoint of their usefulness in the practical conservation of architecture. The article considers assorted methods destructive and non-destructive for bricks — historical studies and architectonic, stratigraphie and archaeological investigations. Next, the author analyses the examination of the wall, drawing attention to frequently committed errors, stemming from the accepted method. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of considering the whole face of a brick wall and not only its corners, which was, and continues to be an approach universally applied by certain researchers. The successive analysis focuses on studies of particular bricks, stressing the necessity of suitable examinations of the sizes of bricks, the so-called measurement registration, which consists of comparing and analysing the sizes of the brick (to 12 mm.). An enormous role is played by suitable research on the mutual permeation of the joints, which makes possible a precise determination of the chronology of fragments of the wall. Finally, the article deals with the documentation of the brick wall, stressing the necessity of a meticulous documentation of the entire wall and particular bricks. The summary defines general tendencies in research pertaining to the conservation of brick walls, influenced by the manner of previous architectonic studies. The author accentuates the fact that both in the research, design and execution phase it is possible to make a number of mistakes whose consequence is the destruction of the original form of the wall. This is the reason for the importance of a coordination of particular stages of conservation and the cooperation of properly trained specialists in the course of the entire conservation process, which should be always preceded by precise architectonic studies.

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Kolorystyka zabytkowych okien

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2000

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issue 2

153-165

EN

The article analyses a number of issues connected with research on the colour of old windows and its conservation and recreation. The author discusses the colour o f windows as part of a monument of architecture and its material structure. Attention is drawn to the role played by the colour of the window and its framing, linked with the elevation and the colour of window joinery as well as all of its elements (lattice, shutters, blinds, etc.), which have been intentionally shaped by the architect and realised by the executor. Subsequently, the author briefly considers assorted groups of undertakings useful in studying the colour of windows: non-destructive investigations (an analysis of historical and iconographie sources) and destructive research encompassing an analysis of the material structure o f the building: plaster and painted surfaces examined from the viewpoint of the presence of polychromy, architectonic investigations and archaeological methods. The article gathers all the criteria which should serve as a basis for the analysis and evaluation of the colour of windows (regarded as an inseparable part of the architecture of a given edifice, the connections between the colour of the window and the elevation and interior of a given building, the uniqueness of its colour and decoration as well as the state of preservation and the possibility of conservation and recreation). A short characteristic concerns changes of window colours in particular epochs. Attention is drawn to the reconstruction of the earliest colours of windows in place of later decoration (nineteenthtwentieth centuries) and the colour of plastic windows installed in historical buildings. The author writes about the conservation of window colours and proposes several methods (the repetition of heretofore applied colour, the reconstruction or designing of new colour), which depend on the time of the origin and the rank of the conserved windows in connection with the elevation of the edifice (original and secondary windows, a disparate complex of windows). The summary assesses heretofore Polish realisations as regards window colours.

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Publikacje sesji naukowych organizowanych w Kielcach w latach 1994, 1995 i 1997 w ramach Europejskich Dni Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1999

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issue 2

200-209

9

Zabytkowe okna : metody badań i konserwacji

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 3

273-293

EN

The acceleration of the rate of the damage of historical window woodwork and the exchange of old solutions for new ones (caused by the appearance of plastic windows) induced the author to analyse all methods which could prove useful in the analysis (research) and conservation of historical windows. The first part of the examination considers the window as part of an monument of architecture and its material structure. Subsequently, the author distinguishes and discusses undertakings used in research concerning historical windows: nondamaging research (an analysis of historical and iconographie sources) and damage-incurring research which encompasses an analysis of the material structure of a building. The next stage of reflections describes proper conservation inventory (the most suitable scale and course of measurement and photographic inventory as well as the manner of description). The author lists all the criteria which should form a basis for an analysis and assessment of windows (the window as an inseparable part of the architecture of buildings, the historical window associated with the elevation of the interior of a building, the uniqueness of the stylistic features of the window, the state of preservation, the possibilities of repair and adaptation to contemporary norms). Attention is also drawn to the problem occurring in highest standard historical monuments, namely, the reconstruction of the earlier form of windows in place of the removed original later solutions (nineteenth- and twentiethcentury) as well as the exchange of historical windows for plastic ones. The author analyses problems connected with the recreation of colour. A summary discusses the conservation of old windows, emphasising the need for their documentation and the necessity of current care and repair of damaged solutions. Only the latter can protect against damage and will assist the retention of the majority of historical windows.

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Kazimierz Stronczyński, "Dziennik podróży 1844 rok", red. tekstu źródłowego Kazimierz Głowacki, Lech Stępkowski, Sandomiriana : Materiały do Badań nad Inwentaryzcją Zabytków, Kielce 1966 : [recenzja]

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 2

188-189

11

"Karczówka : historia, literatura, przyroda", red. Jerzy Leszek Olszewski, Kielce 1995 : [recenzja]

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 2

181-187

12

Konserwacja zabytków na Mazowszu wobec nowych wyzwań i zmian teorii konserwatorskiej

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Lewicki J.

Architectus

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2020

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issue 1(61)

99-114

PL

W tekście przedstawiono działania konserwatorskie na Mazowszu. Omówiono prace podejmowane przy najważniejszych grupach zabytków: zabudowie miejscowości uzdrowiskowych, architekturze drewnianej, militarnej, kolejowej. Przedstawiono także działania na rzecz ochrony i promocji architektury średniowiecznej i nowożytnej i prace podejmowane w kierunku określenia zasobu i wypracowania zasad ochrony architektury modernistycznej. Wskazano, że mimo narzuconych prawnie ograniczeń wojewódzki konserwator zabytków może być aktywnym uczestnikiem systemu ochrony zabytków oraz wykonawcą polityki państwa dotyczącym narodowego dziedzictwa. Może też bardzo sprawnie łączyć zrównoważony rozwój z ochroną konserwatorską oraz z przystosowaniem ich do zmieniających się potrzeb życia.

EN

This paper presents conservation activities in Mazovia. It describes the work carried out in the most important groups of monuments including timber, military and railway architecture and medieval and modernist architecture. It presents the activities undertaken to protect and popularise medieval and modern architecture, and the work conducted to determine the heritage and work out the principles for protecting the modernist architecture. It was pointed out that, despite the legally imposed restrictions, the Voivodeship Heritage Conservator can be an active participant in the monument protection system, as well as the executor of the state policy regarding national heritage. This person can also effectively combine sustainable development with conservation protection and adapt these to changing needs.

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12 Lewicki J.

Stanisława Tomkowicza Inwentarz zabytków powiatu jasielskiego, z rekopisów Autora wydali i własnymi komentarzami opatrzyli Piotr i Tadeusz Łopatkiewiczowie, Kraków : Muzeum Narodowe, 2001 : [recenzja]

POWOŁANIE KOLEGIUM DORADCZEGO DS. OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW ARCHITEKTURY MODERNISTYCZNEJ W POLSCE

[Redakcja kwartalnika "Ochrona Zabytków" : odpowiedź na list A. Majewskiej-Rau]

Zabytkowa kamienica w Polsce międzywojennej : badania, konserwacja, adaptacje

Postulat odbudowy wieży kościoła na Świętym Krzyżu i konieczność dalszych prac badawczo-konserwatorskich przy zespole klasztornym na Łyściu

Mur ceglany jako przedmiot badań architektonicznych

Kolorystyka zabytkowych okien

Publikacje sesji naukowych organizowanych w Kielcach w latach 1994, 1995 i 1997 w ramach Europejskich Dni Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

Zabytkowe okna : metody badań i konserwacji

Kazimierz Stronczyński, "Dziennik podróży 1844 rok", red. tekstu źródłowego Kazimierz Głowacki, Lech Stępkowski, Sandomiriana : Materiały do Badań nad Inwentaryzcją Zabytków, Kielce 1966 : [recenzja]

"Karczówka : historia, literatura, przyroda", red. Jerzy Leszek Olszewski, Kielce 1995 : [recenzja]

Konserwacja zabytków na Mazowszu wobec nowych wyzwań i zmian teorii konserwatorskiej