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The oldest graves of the Trzciniec culture

100%
Górski J.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
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2013
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vol. 8
69–105
EN
The oldest horizon of the Trzciniec culture spanned over vast geographical areas and its graves may be distinguished by the presence of very specific vases and beakers (Fig. 1). The characteristic features of ceramics allow for distinguishing a group of burials with an early date. Such graves contained similar furnishings and they are known from nearly all parts of the Trzciniec cultural milieu in the area of Poland (Fig. 2–8). Parallel assemblages of archeological finds are also known from western Ukraine. The broad chronological span of the discussed notions may prove the hypothesis that they reflect a relatively short chronological horizon, probably limited to the 17th century BC. The funerary practices of the Trzciniec culture were very diverse already at the early stages of its development and included flat cremation graves with urns, pit-graves and diverse forms of both single and multiple inhumations. Inhumation and cremation graves have also been found in mounds.
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Naturalne uwarunkowania rozwoju osadnictwa trzcinieckiego kręgu kulturowego w dorzeczu Odry i Wisły

63%
Górski J., Makarowicz P.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
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2011
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vol. 6
343-358
EN
An analysis of settlement in both upland and lowland zones reveals that the Bronze Age societies were quite capable of adapting to life in areas with different resource possibilities. The occurrence of a variety of settlement forms and occupation of diverse and radically different ecosystems, testify to the economic flexibility typical of Trzciniec Cultural Circle populations.
3

Szkielet konia w obiekcie kultury trzcinieckiej na stanowiska 17 w Smrokowie, gm. Słomniki

63%
Górski J., Włodarczak P.
Materiały Archeologiczne
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2010
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vol. 38
47-72
EN
During rescue excavations on the multi-cultural site no 17 in Smrokow (Krakow region) a pit no 13 was found, dating back to the times of the Trzciniec culture. At its bottom a well preserved skeleton of a horse in anatomical position was discovered, which made it a unique find. A larger number of the TC ceramics in the central part of the fill-in correlates with accumulations of animal bones and lime stones. The above mentioned vase found in an uncertain stratygraphic context represents index form for the early period of the classical TC phase in the Krakow region. They are most characteristic for the post-classical phase of the Trzciniec culture (phase C of the Bronze epoch). The TC finds of similar character are concentrated in Lesser Poland, particularly in the Krakow region. Single finds have also been discovered in Ukraine. Among animal bones horse remains are most frequently encountered. Considering small percentage of horse bones in sedimentary remains, it could indicate a special role of this animal in rituals of the TC communities.
4

Spatial development of the settlement complex affiliated to the Trzciniec cultural circle at site 1 in Polesie in Central Poland

51%
Górski J., Makarowicz P., Wawrusiewicz A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2013
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vol. 65
195–224
EN
This article presents the territorial development of a settlement complex which occurred over a span of time between 1700–1100 BC. In this period we observe a few “settlement episodes” and record the historical development of 25–30 generations of communities within the Trzciniec cultural circle. The site had a complex spatial structure that changed (modified) over time. A number of settlements, cemeteries and single graves were singled out/identified. The model of spatial development of a settlement complex in Polesie is based on the changes in pottery styles, planigraphy analysis and the results of 14C dating. A system defining/specifying the dynamics of settlement changes and the ritual space of the Trzciniec cultural circle in Polesie was created on the basis of this data. The period of use of these particular settlements ranged from 50/150 right up to 600 years. The largest settlement covered an area of ca 1 ha, the smallest 0,3–0,5 ha. The settlement complex in Polesie is unique in comparison to the other sites of the Trzciniec cultural circle. This complex was widespread, consisting of both the settlement and cemetery areas and it continued to be occupied continually for over 660 years
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