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EN
The paper analyses the production of Ludvig Holberg's Masquerade put on by the Danish director Kim Bjarke at the Norwegian National Stage (Den Nationale Scene). The first, retrospective part of the article stresses the importance of Holberg's work for the development of Norwegian-speaking theatre and describes the tradition of staging the comedies of the Bergen-born author. The second part of the article discusses some of the elements with which the authors of the Bergen production, following the text of the 18th century comedy and initiating a dialogue with the local staging tradition, have visualised the processes of making the world a place of carnival merrymaking and theatricality. The article suggests that the newest interpretation of Masquerade onstage is not only a praise of youth and vitality. An evident meta-theatrical dimension of the production - which is not contrary to Holberg's text - has turned it into an apology for theatre itself. It presents the stage as a place that is unreal and at the same time makes it easier for the audience to see the truth.
EN
The paper presents a comedy titled Jean de France, written by an eighteenth-century Dano-Norwegian author, Ludvig Holberg. The title character is a kind of coxcomb and has been used by the playwright to metaphorise the cultural tension between the universalism of contemporary Europe and the local and indigenous people and customs. The article also refers to a Polish comedy inspired by Holberg's Jean de France, that is to Paryzanin polski (The Polish Parisian) which comes from the oeuvre of Franciszek Bohomolec. In contrast to the Polish three-act didactic play, the piece by the Dano-Norwegian writer is notable for an interestingly portrayed female character and a well-developed metatheatrical motif. The Holbergian comedy envisages theatre as a space (and institution) which, by filtering people's behaviour through the medium of the stage, exposes their artificiality, or 'theatricality'.
EN
(Polish title: 'Podroz do krajow podziemnych Mikolaja Klimiusza'. O rozumie i rownouprawnieniu w osiemnastowiecznym dyskursie literackim w Skandynawii). The article presents the utopian novel, Niels Klim's underground journey, written by Ludvig Holberg, an 18th century Norwegian-Danish scholar and writer. The Holbergian text deals with several topics typical of the literary discourse of that period: religious tolerance, egalitarianism, the desire for power, and also the encounter between naturalness and non-naturalness, familiarity and foreignness, reality and fantasy. Our attention is drawn to the views on social equality between men and women as they are expressed in the novel. Although Holberg has a dualistic vision of the world, and the opposition between the masculine element and the feminine element is very clear in his texts, his ideas seem to be progressive in contrast with the main-stream ideology of the period. According to him, possessing masculine characteristics - meaning socially desirable ones - (e.g. being reasonable, brave or self-controlled) or possessing the opposite, feminine characteristics is not biologically determined. Rather, it is the result of several not always proper social processes such as upbringing and education. It has nothing to do with nature.
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