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Jednostki apelatywne. W poszukiwaniu wyróżnika

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Zaucha J.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2016
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issue 21
83-96
EN
The goal of the paper is to characterize four units with a dominating appellative function: Uwaga! (‘Warning!’ / ‘Attention!’), Start! (‘Start!’), Stop! (‘Stop!’), and Dalej! (‘Carry on!’). Their nature is performative; they are excluded from the reach of negation; they cannot be presented in reported speech. The author indicates the syntactic independence of these units and their deep rooting in the situational context. She believes that the essential property of appellatives is the marked position of the addressee, contextually identified by the action he or she is to perform or performs. This is reflected in the description of the function of these units, one that reveals their specific character which, according to K. Bühler’s (2004: 32) advice, is particular behaviour of the addressee of the utterance, a reaction to the uttering of those units.
2
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Zróżnicowanie składniowe i semantyczne czasownikowych wykładników fałszu

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Zaucha J.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2015
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issue 12
107-122
EN
The aim of the paper is to indicate the most general types of Polish falsehood verbs. The presented typology is based on their syntactic and semantic features. Depending on what kind of an argument a verb takes, the propositional or the nominal one, and if it co-occurs with the phrease w milczeniu or milcząc (keeping silence) or not, we obtain four types of falsehood verbs. We can distinguish VFL+sent. verbs, which take a proposition as an argument and refer to the activity which cannot be performed in agent's silence, like bajać, że, bajdurzyć, że, bredzić, że, bujać, że, chrzanić, że, kręcić, że. Some of them assert the speaker's knowledge of what is said, while others implicate the speaker's ignorance of the propositional content. There is also a group of VFS+sent. verbs, which take a proposition as an argument and can be left without an actual utterance, like blefować, żę, fantazjować, że, nabrać kogoś, że, symulować, że, upozorować, że. They include verbs which tell us about bad intentions of the agent. Verbs of the next type, i.e. VFL-sent., do not take a propositional argument and do not allow silent performance, these include: koloryzować coś, minąć się z prawdą, ołgać kogoś, pleść trzy po trzy, przeinaczyć coś, wyssać z palca. They differ depending on what kind of object the agent is dealing with. In the last type, we classify VFS-sent. verbs, which do not take a propositional argument and the activities they denote can be done without an actual utterance, for example: kantować kogoś, manipulować kimś, podrobić coś, przywłaszczyć sobie, sfabrykować coś, sfałszować coś. Some of them presuppose negative evaluation of the agent while others do not.
3
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Od metafizyki do semantyki. O uzasadnianiu tez o analityczności

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Zaucha J.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2012
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issue 1(7)
99-111
EN
The article discusses W.V.O. Quine's critique of the classical distinction 'analytic vs. synthetic sentences'. The author claims that the debate concerning this distinction is essential for semantic and lexicographic analysis, which nowadays must face certain well known metaphysical problems. She discusses five strategies of argumentation formed against Quine's position, inluding four explicit definitions of analyticity. The author claims that A. Bogusławski's (1998) definition seems to be the most effective one, and the same time closest to Kant's approach. This definition can be adopted in order to verify claims on the analyticity of propositions which include two predicates under discussion.
4
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Fikcja a fałsz, O właściwościach semantyczno-składniowych przymiotników fikcyjny i fałszywy

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Zaucha J.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2014
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issue 11
35-52
EN
The aim of the paper is to pinpoint semantic and syntactic features of two Polish predicates, namely fikcyjny and fałszywy. The author shows what they have in common, as well as how they differ. Particularly, she concentrates on the differences in the scope of reference for the two predicates. She also presents two short representations of their semantic content. The analysis of the Polish expression fikcyjny sheds new light on certain theoretical problems of fiction, known from philosophy and literary theory.
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