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EN
The Department of Law and Social Sciences was the one most numerously attended by students of the SBU. At the end of the 20s, being the first and the only one, the Department exceeded one thousand students. Despite so many students, it did not have an adequate number of posts for professors (they were created by the state authorities). For example, the SBU in the 1931/1932 academic year had 15 chairs, including 8 for full professors and 7 for associate professors, with only 10 professors employed at that time, and 12 during next year. According to the University’s documents, in the interwar period the general number of associate and full professors at the Department of Law and Social Sciences came to 15, while the whole USB employed 141 persons at these posts. Majority of the Department’s professors were lawyers and economists, and all of them were male. Since their prevailing attitude towards scientific, didactic and organisational duties was serious, they spent a lot of time at the University. For example, it was common that the Department scheduled to give classes for half a week. Majority of the Department’s professors, while performing different functions both in the Department and the UBS, were behaving in a responsible and moderate manner, although during elections for the UBS posts also political issues mattered, so on such occasions disputes were particularly bitter. Generally speaking, prudence and solemnity were the traits especially valued among professors – both in their bearing and attire. And such was the majority of professors employed at the Department, also in their private life. Occasionally, though, persons leading quite extravagant life could be found among them.
PL
W historii szkolnictwa wyższego w II Rzeczypospolitej przeprowadzanie habilitacji jest problemem interesującym chociażby ze względu na znaczne różnice ze współczesną procedurą. Główne jej zasady w okresie międzywojennym określono w ustawach o szkołach akademickich. Przygotowując niniejszy tekst, chciano zarówno przeanalizować zasady przeprowadzania habilitacji, jak i zbadać konkretne procedury, by ustalić ich liczbę w przypadku pedagogiki oraz trudności w ich przebiegu. Habilitację przeprowadzano na podstawie jednej wydrukowanej pracy naukowej i uzyskanego wcześniej stopnia doktora, bez konieczności posiadania innego dorobku naukowego, choć ten zwykle brano pod uwagę. Dawała ona jedynie prawo do wykładania danego przedmiotu jako docent. Z pedagogiki i dyscyplin pokrewnych habilitacji przeprowadzono niewiele, na uczelniach państwowych tylko 18. Podobnie było i w innych dyscyplinach.
EN
Polish Pedagogical Society in Lvov was established in 1868. This organization represented the teaching environment in Galicia. Until 1906 it operated under the name Pedagogical Society. It dealt with development of Galician education (especially folk education), social matters of teachers, also their self-education and professional development. The headquarters of the Society was seated in Lvov and on the territory of the whole Galicia a network of local branches was established. In 1896 there were 96 of them, later this number decreased. In this publication three lengthy documents have been included, which are stored in the Central State Historic Archives of Ukraine in Lvov. These materials come from the set of the Polish Pedagogical Society (fond 445). Those are two reports from the meetings of the Main Board of the organization (from December 1905 and June 1907) and a report from the 10th General Assembly of Delegates of the Society organized in Lvov in April 1912.
PL
Polskie Towarzystwo Pedagogiczne we Lwowie założono w 1868 r. Organizacja była reprezentantem środowiska nauczycielskiego w Galicji, do 1906 r. działała pod nazwą Towarzystwo Pedagogiczne. Zajmowała się rozwojem szkolnictwa galicyjskiego (szczególnie ludowego), sprawami bytowymi nauczycieli, także ich samokształceniem i doskonaleniem zawodowym. Centrala Towarzystwa mieściła się we Lwowie, na terenie całej Galicji stworzono sieć oddziałów terenowych, w 1896 r. było ich 69, potem liczba ta zmniejszyła się. W publikacji zamieszczone zostały trzy obszerne dokumenty przechowywane w Centralnym Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym Ukrainy we Lwowie. Materiały pochodzą z zespołu Polskie Towarzystwo Pedagogiczne (fond 445). Są to dwa protokoły z posiedzeń Zarządu Głównego organizacji (z grudnia 1905 i czerwca 1907 r.) oraz protokół z X Walnego Zjazdu Delegatów Towarzystwa, który zorganizowano we Lwowie w kwietniu 1912 r.
EN
Founded in 1868 the Pedagogical Society in Lviv was a professional-scientific association of the Galician teachers. The Society dealt with the development of education (especially elementary), teachers’ subsistence, their self-education and professional development. Among the members of the organization were also representatives of other communities, especially those interested in the improvement of the educational system in Galicia. The main office in Lviv supervised the local branches whose number grew rapidly. In 1868 there were already 19 branches established. According to the data from the 1871/1872 school year, the Society had 2,500 members. The organization published its own weekly entitled „School”. In 1906 it was decided to change the name – the Pedagogical Society was transformed into the Polish Pedagogical Society. Thus, the national character of the organization was defined more clearly. However, at that time the Ukrainian teachers had already created their own association in Eastern Galicia. The Polish Pedagogical Society existed until 1921.
EN
Central Welfare Council [CWC] was formed in December 1915 in Warsaw. Its activities covered part of the Kingdom of Poland, which, after the dislodged of Russian’s army from this area, was occupied by the Germans. In Polish lands, it was one of the largest social self-organization. It had mainly to provide support to people in difficult circumstances in life. Self-help organizations are characteristic of the years of World War I, but the CWC continues its mission even after Poland regained its independence. The „new” CWC quickly developed a network of local structures in the former Austrian occupation. After Poland regained its independence, the CWC’s founds the majority came from subsidies provided by the state. The most significant were the grants of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, support also followed from other ministries, especially the Ministry of Public Health. Some of the regional structures received support from local governments, especially district councils. CWC some of its resources received also tkanks to the generosity of the public, although it was lower than during the war. The detection of financial shortcoming caused the unfriendly atmosphere around the CWC and resulted in the decision of dissolving, which was taken at the session of the Council of Ministers in 8.12.1920.
EN
The “Countryside For Children” campaign was organized by the Central Welfare Council, one of the largest self-help organizations in Poland during the World War I and after the armistice. The aim of the campaign was to send poor children from major cities to the countryside in order to improve their food supply and health. In most cases, they remained in the country for at least several months. The children were placed both with individuals who wanted to host them and take care of them, as well as in shelters, specially organized by the CWC. Throughout the campaign almost 30 thousand children received support.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono drogę życiową Mścisława Wartenberga, filozofa związanego zawodowo z Uniwersytetem Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie. Wartenberg ukończył studia na Uniwersytecie w Jenie, tu obronił doktorat, habilitował się na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim. W 1903 został profesorem na Uniwersytecie we Lwowie i do przejścia na emeryturę w 1933 r. kierował II Katedrą Filozofii. Środowisko filozoficzne Lwowa w okresie profesury Wartenberga wyróżniało się na tle mapy naukowej II Rzeczypospolitej. Jego liderem był profesor Kazimierz Twardowski
EN
The article discusses the life of Mścisław Wartenberg, a philosopher, employed at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv. Wartenberg graduated from the University of Jena, where he defended his PhD, then habilitated at the Jagiellonian University. In 1903, he became a professor at the University of Lviv and held the Second Chair of Philosophy until he retired in 1933. During Wartenberg’s professorship the Lviv philosophical environment stood out against the background of the other scientific centers of the Second Polish Republic. Its leader was Professor Kazimierz Twardowski
RU
В статье рассказывается жизненная путь Мстислава Вартенберга, философа, профессионально связанного с Университетом Яна Казимежа во Львове. Вартенберг окончил Йенский университет, защитил там кандидатскую диссертацию, а докторскую защитил в Ягеллонском университете. В 1903 году он стал профессором во Львовском университете и до своей отставки в 1933 году он руководил вторым философским факультетом. Львовская философская среда во времена профессора Вартенберга выделялась на фоне научной карты Второй Польской Республики. Его руководителем был профессор Казимеж Твардовский
PL
Wydział Prawa i Nauk Społecznych Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie był największym spośród wszystkich wydziałów Uniwersytetu. Na przykład w roku akademickim 1923/1924 miał 525 studentów (na 2209 studentów Uniwersytetu), w 1933/1934 – 1497 (na 3923), w 1937/1938 – 1035 (na 3148). W okresie międzywojennym Wydział zatrudniał w sumie 15 profesorów kierujących katedrami, w zdecydowanej większości byli oni prawnikami. Wydziały prawa (także wydziały lekarskie) na polskich uniwersytetach należały do tych, na których studentom stawiano największe wymagania. Studia prawnicze trwały 4 lata, liczba przedmiotów kończących się egzaminami była duża – 17, a organizacja egzaminów sprawiała studentom dodatkową trudność. Za ważny element oceny procesu kształcenia w okresie międzywojennym trzeba uznać terminowość kończenia poszczególnych lat studiów i uczelni w ogóle. Na Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego najbardziej terminowo kończyli studia słuchacze prawa, farmacji, teologii i medycyny, nawet jednak w tych dyscyplinach dotyczyło to mniej niż połowy studentów. Mimo, że studia prawnicze były trudne, większość studentów angażowała się w życie Uniwersytetu, szczególnie w działalność organizacji studenckich.
EN
The Faculty of Law and Social Sciences at the Stefan Batory University was the largest of the University in terms of the number of students. For example, in the academic year 1923/1924 there were 525 students (of the total 2209 students at the University), in 1933/1934 - 1497 (of 3923), in 1937/1938 - 1035 (of 3148). In the interwar period, the Faculty employed a total of 15 professors as heads of chairs, the vast majority of whom were lawyers. At Polish universities Faculties of Law (also Faculties of Medicine) had the highest requirements for students. The law studies lasted 4 years, the number of subjects ending in an exam was large – 17 and organization of exams was difficult for students. In the interwar period, an important element of the student assessment was their promptness in completing subsequent years of study and the university in general. At the Stefan Batory University the most timely were students of Law, Pharmacy, Theology and Medicine, though even in these disciplines it applied to less than half of the total. Although the study of law was difficult, most students engaged in the university life eg. by joining student associations.
RU
Факультет права и общественных наук Университета им. Стефана Батория в Вильнюсе был крупнейшим из всех факультетов университета. Например, в 1923/1924 учебном году у него было 525 студентов (из 2209 студентов университета), в 1933/1934 - 1497 (из 3923), в 1937/1938 - 1035 (из 3148). В межвоенный период на факультете работали 15 профессоров, управляющих кафедрами, подавляющее большинство из которых были юристами. Юридические факультеты (также медицинские факультеты) в польских университетах принадлежали к тем, где студенты были наиболее востребованы. Юридические исследования длились 4 года, количество предметов, заканчивающихся на экзаменах, было большим - 17, а организация экзаменов была дополнительной трудностью для студентов. Своевременность завершения отдельных лет обучения и университетов в целом должны рассматриваться в качестве важного элемента в оценке образовательного процесса в межвоенный период. В Университете им. Стефана Батория студенты юридических факультетов, аптек, теологов и врачей закончили учебу наиболее вовремя, но даже в этих дисциплинах это касалось менее половины студентов. Хотя юридические исследования были сложными, большинство студентов были вовлечены в жизнь университета, особенно в деятельность студенческих организаций.
EN
In the interwar period, a total of 841 professors headed chairs at the six then universities, 45 of whom were parliament representatives (5.3% of all professors), out of which 28 were deputies to the Sejm (lower chamber), and 21 to the Senate (higher chamber). Of them all, four professors held positions in both the Sejm and the Senate. Compared to other professors who headed chairs, the interwar parliamentary professors were quite a specific group. They were distinguished primarily by their strong political commitment, contrary to the vast majority of the academic staff who, though remained interested in politics, did not actively participate in it. Political parties saw great intellectual potential in the academic staff and appreciated the experience that allowed them to perform parliamentary duties efficiently. Among the deputies and senators, there was a good representation of lawyers and economists (23 persons), whose skills certainly facilitated participation in a large part of parliamentary work.
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