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PL
Przedmiotem analizy są użycia leksemów kartofel i ziemniak, a także ich derywatów, występujące w języku współczesnych polskich muzyków. Analiza ma na celu opis tych użyć z punktu widzenia semantyki encyklopedycznej postulowanej w ramach gramatyki kognitywnej. Ujmując zmiany znaczenia w terminach rozszerzenia semantycznego oraz skupiając uwagę na pojęciu wiedzy encyklopedycznej użytkowników języka, artykuł jest próbą precyzyjnego określenia, na czym polega osadzenie rozszerzenia w tego typu wiedzy. Dokonane obserwacje pozwalają na wskazanie kluczowej roli, jaką odgrywa wiedza w procesie kategoryzacji stanowiącym podstawę zmiany semantycznej, w procesie utrwalania się złożonej struktury semantycznej stanowiącej nowe znaczenie oraz w dalszych twórczych procesach wykorzystania tej struktury.
EN
The object of analysis is the uses of lexemes kartofel i ziemniak and their derivations found in the language of contemporary Polish musicians. The analysis aims to describe these uses from the point of view of encyclopaedic semantics postulated by Cognitive Grammar. Describing the change of sense in terms of semantic extension and focusing on encyclopaedic knowledge, the paper attempts to specify what embedding extension in such knowledge is about. The analysis indicates the key role that this knowledge plays in the process of categorisation, the basis of semantic extension, in the process of entrenchment of the complex structure constituting the extended sense, and in further creative processes exploiting this structure.
EN
This paper concerns the linguistic means used in order to describe auditory sensations or, more specifically, linguistic expressions that musicians apply to describe the sounds of different instruments of the drum set. The analysis concerns one of the types of such expressions – names of sounds produced by the living creature, that is, linguistic items that refer to articulate and inarticulate sounds produced by the human being and sounds that are typically associated with animals. From the Cognitive Grammar perspective, these names are analyzed as semantic extensions, which enables us to indicate schematic structures emerging from them – patterns of semantic extension.
EN
The analysis presented in the article constitutes a part of the research conducted by the author on the linguistic strategies used to describe musical auditory sensations. The analysis is based on utterances made by musicians who shared their impressions concerning the sounds produced by percussion instruments on Internet websites of Polish musical journals and on blogs. Among the linguistic means noted in the musicians’ utterances one can find onomatopoeic words borrowed from English, and it is these borrowings that constitute the object of analysis of the present paper. They are approached from the perspective of the relationship between the words’ phonological structure and the acoustic features of the imitated sounds. They are also examined from the point of view of the sound sources that the onomatopoeic words imitate. Additionally, the analysis discusses the issue of adaptation of these borrowings in Polish.
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