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ANALYTICKÝ TOMIZMUS

100%
Volek P.
Studia theologica
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2011
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vol. 13
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issue 2
32-48
EN
The article identifies and further specifies the basic features of Thomism, analytical philosophy, and analytical Thomism. It draws upon the respective encyclicals on this topic, viz. Aeterni Patris and Fides et ratio, as well as upon certain other studies (Haldane, Poiuvet, Berti). It does not, however, consider these studies as fully sufficient, and thus proposes the following features of analytical Thomism: (1) openness to analytical thinking; (2) openness towards contemporary findings in the natural sciences and their philosophical interpretation; (3) openness to solving theological issues, particularly in Catholic theology; (4) the adoption of the metaphysical core of Aquinas’s doctrine based on the act of being (which guarantees metaphysical realism) as well as the determination of the content of further basic metaphysical concepts and principles.
2
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Personálna identita v preferenčnom utilitarizme Petra Singera

100%
Volek P.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 2
191-203
EN
Based on his preference utilitarianism and its metaphysical assumptions originating from Locke’s empiricism, and based on distinguishing between the human being and the person, Peter Singer argues in favor of abortion, infanticide, experiments on embryos, and euthanasia. This article points to Singer’s insufficient argumentation and states that his assumptions stemming from empiricism are not justified. The main flaw in Singer’s argumentation consists in his psychological understanding of the concept of the person and its separation from the concept of the human being. His definition of the person has manifests weaknesses and is based on Quine’s non-substantial ontology which is unable to explain personal identity through time. For this reason, it needs to be supplemented by a more adequate definition addressing the need for a substantial explanation of personal identity. Personal identity is established by the connection between a particular soul with a particular body. The human person’s principle of identity is thus guaranteed by a particular human soul. Singer’s bioethical conclusions are thus shown to be indefensible.
SK
Peter Singer sa na základe preferenčného utilitarizmu a jeho metafyzických predpokladov, vychádzajúcich z Lockovho empirizmu a odlišovania človeka a osoby, vyslovuje za potraty, infanticídu, pokusy s embryami a eutanáziu. V tejto stati som poukázal na nedostatočnú argumentáciu Singera a neodôvodnenosť jeho predpokladov vychádzajúcich z empirizmu. Jej hlavným nedostatkom je empirické chápanie pojmu osoby podľa Locka a jej odlíšenie od pojmu človek. Táto definícia osoby ukazuje svoje nedostatky a zakladá sa na quinovskej nesubstančnej ontológii, ktorá však nevie vysvetliť identitu osoby v čase. Preto ju treba nahradiť adekvátnejšou definíciou, ktorá vychádza z potreby substanciálnej ontológie, ktorá zdôvodňuje identitu osoby v spojení konkrétnej duše s konkrétnym telom. Princíp indetnity ľudskej osoby tvorí konkrétna individuálna ľudská duša. Tým som preukázal, že aj bioetické dôsledky Singerovej teórie sú neudržateľné.
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