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Pasivum v češtině

100%
Karlik P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2004
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vol. 65
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issue 2
83-113
EN
Analysis of Czech data within the theoretical framework of Modified Valency Theory (Karlik, 2000) shows that the syntactic derivation of passive voice proceeds in two phases. The first phase, which he calls (A), can be referred to as deagentization. Given the passive morphology of a verb, A-1 (i.e. the subject or external argument of the verb) is blocked. When the verb is transitive, A-2 (i.e. the object or the internal argument of the verb) enters the caseless subject position 'e' of a verb with passive morphology, i.e. the -n-/-t- participle in Czech. The resulting structures are sometimes called syntactically ergative, as shown by 'PROA-1 chvalit NPaccA-2 - e(i)A-2 chvalen-O/-a/-o t(i)', as opposed to lexically ergative, as illustrated in the example 'PROA-2 blednout'. The second phase, which he calls (B), can be referred to as raising. For transitive verbs, this is the movement of A-2 from the subject position 'e' of a verb with passive morphology, where it fails to receive a case, into the subject position of the verb byt, 'to be'. The verb 'to be' does not assign a O-role, however, in this position, A-2 can obtain case and thus be lexically realized: Petr(i)A-2 je e(i) chvalen t(i). In the description of the passive voice, it is necessary to distinguish expressions with deverbal adjectives because these are produced through a single phase. Deverbal adjectives are generated earlier in the lexicon.
2

Historie oboru: jaký má smysl pro současnost?

63%
Karlik P., Pleskalova J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2010
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vol. 93
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issue 4-5
171-179
EN
The contribution is based on the authors' experience gathered during the work on the history of Czech studies from the linguistic point of view that resulted in a book (Kapitoly z dejin ceske jazykovedne bohemistiky, 2007). The authors point out significant moments to be taken into consideration when the development of Czech studies from the linguistic point of view is considered (extralinguistic, theoretical, teleological circumstances) as well as their consequences. Their considerations lead to the conclusion that to know the history of linguistic thought is important not only in order to understand its development as such, but, based on the connections revealed, also in order to better understand the present-day orientation of Czech studies in the Czech context.
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