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EN
Green Public Procurement denotes a proceeding in which the procurement process involves at least one environmental factor already present at the needs assessment stage, when the subject of procurement is defined, its technical specifications formulated, and the procurement criteria or the manner in which it will be conducted are decided upon. The aim of the GPP is to determine the environmental issues in the tendering procedures to the fullest possible extent. The main idea behind the GPP is establishment of clear and challenging ecological criteria for products and services. Green Public Procurements are not obligatory, only recommended, and sadly not at all popular in Poland where ecological criteria in tenders are seldom respected, despite the fact that if properly promoted, in a long perspective GPP could bring considerable profits to all the environment.
PL
Termin „zielone” zamówienie odnosi się do takiego postępowania, w którym zamówienie uwzględnia przynajmniej jeden z czynników środowiskowych już na etapie określenia potrzeb, zdefiniowania przedmiotu zamówienia, sformułowania specyfikacji technicznych, wyboru kryteriów udzielenia zamówienia lub sposobu wykonania zamówienia. Celem zielonych zamówień publicznych jest w możliwie najszerszym zakresie uwzględnianie kwestii środowiskowych w procedurach przetargowych. Główną ideą ekologicznych zamówień publicznych jest ustalenie jasnych i ambitnych kryteriów środowiskowych dla produktów i usług. Nie bez znaczenia jest działalność Komisji Europejskiej w tym zakresie. Należy zachęcać przedsiębiorstwa do rozwijania technologii środowiskowych. Nie wolno zapominać, że bardziej zrównoważone wykorzystanie zasobów naturalnych i surowców będzie korzystne dla środowiska i całej gospodarki. Ze względu na interes społeczny, poprawę jakości życia i stanu środowiska naturalnego ważne jest, aby w zamówieniach publicznych aspekty środowiskowe były uwzględniane w możliwie jak najszerszym zakresie. Należy podkreślić, że co prawda „zielone” zamówienia publiczne stanowią instrument dobrowolny, niestety obecnie kryteria środowiskowe są przez polskich zamawiających stosowane nad wyraz rzadko.
EN
Many of the income organizations in the process of changes and necessary transformations apply self-improvement techniques - disciplines of a learning organization - with varying degrees of success. Many of them aspires to be learning organizations. Non-governmental organizations in Poland, which have been developing for 20 years, are becoming increasingly important sphere of social life. What seems to be interesting is the answer to the question whether the Polish non-governmental organizations may be an example of learning organizations. Numerous analyses have been done concerning the income organizations in the context of the implementation of a learning organization disciplines. In her research the author wanted to find out whether and how NGOs use the disciplines of learning organization for achieving a state of self-awareness and ability to learn. The study discussed in the article is the first to raise the issue of the NGO as a learning organization. Given the increasing importance of non-governmental organizations and the necessary transformations in the NGO sector, the present article is an attempt to provide new knowledge and to find the answers to questions mentioned above.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
|
2013
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3
147-164
PL
THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC INTEREST AS GROUNDS FOR A PROSECUTOR’S PARTICIPATION IN PROCEEDINGS Summary The term “public interest” is often treated as the equivalent of “social interest,” which is a concept derived from colloquial language. It is a common expression in the social sciences, mainly in sociology, political science, psychology and economics. However, it is certainly used in the various branches and disciplines of law. It became a legal concept as soon as it appeared in the texts of normative acts. For many years a discussion has been going on in the literature whether the concept of “public interest” does not in fact belong primarily to the political sphere, which would mean that lawyers should refrain from using it in their analyses. However, it is hard to agree with this hypothesis. The fact that the expression appears in a number of acts implies that for the rational legislator it is associated with specific values and objectives. Regardless of whether or not the interchangeability of the terms “public interest” and “social interest” is due to a lack of precision or to the fact that the difference between them is relatively small, terminology should be used accurately. Since the rational legislator uses them as different expressions, they should not be considered to have the same meaning. Public interest is not synonymous with the concept of social interest. Terminological analysis leads to the conclusion that the differences may not be fundamental, nevertheless they do exist and a precise use of the terminology is required.
EN
In the article the author describes the issue of recognition of qualifications in the context of learning throughout life, in which, as the synergy of formal, non-formal and informal learning, the recognition of knowledge, skills and competences acquired by various routes is of particular importance because it motivates and justifies making educational efforts at different stages of life. The conclusion is that from the political and educational point of view the formal recognition of the effects of non-formal and informal learning saves time and money and expands the possibilities of individuals in the labour market. Given the personal and social benefits, we should strive to create a system for the recognition /validation of learning outcomes regardless of when, where and how such effects have been achieved. The author analyzes Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) in Poland and abroad. She discusses in detail the RPL in Polish higher education. The author is of the opinion that ongoing discussions on creating a system of validation focus on the manner of its implementation and operation. Less commonly, they are concerned with the validity of such activities but they rather concentrate on the search for solutions that will give the answer how the system should look like in order to be effective, accessible and of high quality. A well-functioning quality assurance system allows one to build the confidence in the system. Creating such system requires co-operation, exchange of experiences, it as well as clear qualification standards and frameworks, and a well-developed assessment methods based on competence.
EN
The article describes how this extensive research project, Study of Human Capital in Poland (BKL), seeks the answers to the key questions about the future asked by schoolchildren, students, employees, employers, and public institutions responsible for the shaping of policy related to human capital at both national and regional level. The paper aims to give an overview of the problem which is the quastion what competences to hone to build the best professional career, one that will be in demand in the face of dynamic economic changes. Analysis of competence is one of the key elements of the project Human Capital because of its importance for assessing the quality of human capital. The last part of the paper marks how these research results pose a challenge for adult education.
EN
[Article retracted because of plagiarism] The article analyzes the results obtained by Poles in the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), which was conducted in 24 countries. More than 9,000 Poles, aged from 16 to 65 years were examined in the field of reading comprehension, mathematical reasoning and the use of ICT. In the introduction, the article analyses the concept of the competence. The results were analyzed in terms of competence diversity of employed and unemployed.
PL
[ARTYKUŁ WYCOFANY z powodu plagiatu/ARTICLE RETRACTED because of plagiarism] W artykule przeanalizowano wyniki Polaków uzyskane w Międzynarodowym Badaniu Kompetencji Dorosłych PIAAC, które zostało przeprowadzone w 24 krajach. Przebadano ponad 9 tysięcy Polaków w wieku od 16 do 65 lat w zakresie rozumienia tekstu, rozumowania matematycznego oraz wykorzystywania technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych. We wprowadzeniu artykułu przeanalizowano pojęcie kompetencji. Wyniki badań zostały przeanalizowane pod kątem zróżnicowania kompetencji osób pracujących i bezrobotnych.
10
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Ius Novum
|
2013
|
vol. 7
|
issue 3
86-107
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