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Dějinnost a racionalita v Husserlově pozdním myšlení

100%
Trnka J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 5
721-738
EN
In this article, the author treats of some of the main concepts in Husserl’s late thought as a means to reconstructing Husserl’s specific conception of historicity and rationality. Historicity, phenomenologically conceived, presents the logical genesis of a shared cultural world from the constitutive activities of the subject: that is, as the genesis of inter-subjectively valid forms of sense, which undergo sedimentation and then ground further, and yet further, phases of this whole constitutive process. In this way, there emerges the shared, concrete world, as a special cultural form, although making claim to universal validity. The author goes on to present Husserl’s idea of rationality, which is built on this concept of historicity, and he follows it up to the ideal of Europe, as a special philosopho-theoretical project, which in Husserl’s view raises human historicity and rationality to a new, specifically teleological, level
2
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Metafyzický závazek fenomenologie

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Trnka J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 5
645-661
EN
The paper attempts to provide an interpretation of Husserl’s phenomenology which can clarify the character of its basic metaphysical commitment. It deals, above all, with the problem of the ontological status of phenomenology, and with the question of whether we should understand phenomenology as being compatible with common realism or as leading inevitably to some kind of idealism. In the discussion here it becomes evident that Husserl’s phenomenology is not compatible either with realism or idealism and that phenomenology is a specific philosophical position of its own. Based on a radical and peculiar conception of appearance, Husserl’s phenomenology actually leads to a kind of ontological pluralism, which holds that self-evident experience of that which is given is the only ground for any possible genuine theory whatsoever.
3
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Zkušenost mezi smyslem a hodnotou

100%
Trnka J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 3
361-376
EN
The article focuses on Max Scheler’s philosophical conception of “material value ethics” which criticises Kant’s formalistic understanding of the a priori and seeks to offer a different conception of it that would work rather with the a priori of intentional contents. The entire project is based on the phenomenological conception of Wesen (usually translated misleadingly as “essence“) – it is the essences that constitute the realm of material a priori. On a closer look, however, the notion of Wesen (essence) itself is in Scheler far from clear. There are at least two different conceptions to distinguish. The paper opts for one that treats Wesen (essence) not as something objective in itself, as some kind of peculiar given content, but rather as a fullness of meaning. It develops this conception further and, in light of it, also interprets some other concepts important for Scheler, such as value, person and the world. On this reading Max Scheler’s philosophic conception appears to be a specific position sui generis, distinct from both the subjective formalism of Kant and the content idealism of Husserl.
CS
Článek se zaměřuje na filosofickou koncepci tzv. „materiální etiky hodnot“ Maxe Schelera, která proti známému Kantovu apriornímu formalismu rozvíjí možnost obsahového, tj. materiálního apriori. Scheler se v této záležitosti opírá zejména o fenomenologicky zavedený pojem podstaty – právě podstaty a jejich vzájemné vztahy mají vytvářet říši onoho materiálního apriori. Při bližším pohledu se však ukazuje, že sám tento pojem podstaty není u Schelera tak zcela jasný a že je možné jej chápat přinejmenším dvěma různými způsoby. Autor si pak vybírá tzv. pojetí nepředmětné, které podstatu nenahlíží jako obsahovou danost zvláštního druhu, nýbrž jako prožívanou plnost smyslu, aby následně toto pojetí více rozpracoval a v jeho světle následně interpretoval další pro Schelera klíčové pojmy hodnoty, osoby a světa. Nabízí tak chápání Schelerova přístupu jako zcela původní filosofické koncepce, která se principiálně nekryje ani s Kantovým subjektivním formalismem, ani s Husserlovým obsahovým idealismem.
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Aspekty bioetyczne medycyny niekonwencjonalnej w praktyce lekarza rodzinnego

51%
Żórawska J., Morawski A., Trnka J., Steciwko A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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2003
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issue 30
143-150
EN
Unconventional or alternative medicine became one of the most popular subject in modern life. That kind of natural medicine gives the new chances for the big group of deeply sick patients. They want to find a new hope for their future. Family doctor is obligated to have the full information about the alternative methods of therapy. Some of that natural methods can be usefull for doctors practice (only methods with scientific base). But from the other side in Poland only doctors with university or medical academy diploma can make health diagnosis or medical treatment and after that kind of studies they can use the title of doctor or professor of medicine.
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