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HYBRID WAR AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

100%
Truszczyńsk O. E., Pacek P.
Torun International Studies
|
2020
|
issue 13
23-30
EN
The article deals with war, as experienced by human beings. The authors agree that war is materially and psychosocially costly. They present experts’ opinions who professionally examined emotions and attention issues as well as dealt with the problems related to the psychological aspects of war. The main conclusion is that it is impossible to take part in a real war without experiencing strong emotions and incurring high psychological costs associated with participation in war operations. Death, injury, sexual violence, malnutrition, illness and disability are examples of the most dramatic physical consequences, and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety are some of the effects of emotional disorders. War also contributes to disrupting the normal course of family and social life, causing suffering to people, which is very characteristic of the course of hostilities. This paper shows how people, who experienced war, respond to traumas and it presents different views on possible reactions. It also lists the consequences of psychological nature caused by hybrid warfare.
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PATTERNS OF THE MIGRATION DURING THE HYBRID WARFARE AND ITS CONFLICTOGENITY

81%
Pacek P., Danyk Y., Semenkova M.
Torun International Studies
|
2019
|
issue 12
61-73
EN
The population’s tendency to protest or to get involved into conflict can be used as the method of the hybrid warfare in the targeted country or region. The frustrations are formed due to the actual or virtually created resentment in the community or among the population groups. The deterioration of the social and economic conditions and the lack of opportunities to change the life for the better as well as the growing sense of danger or the real threat to life and security – all these elements have caused the intensive migration processes in many regions of the world. As a result it is the main feature of the modern world to handle. The influx of refugees and migrants and settling down in the new areas cause the transformation of horizontal inequality among the migrants themselves and between migrants and locals. The intensification of the migration processes is a result from the peculiarities of the hybrid conflicts such as the powerful cognitive, information and psychological influence, use of different technologies including the manipulative ones. The possibility to manage the migration processes and, to a certain extent the migrants’ potential for conflict is becoming the feasible instrument to break down the system of regional and international security through the projection of conflicts to the places where the migration flows are directed.
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