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Postava soudce v postřekovském masopustu

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EN
As in many other villages in the ethnographical area of Chodsko, Shrovetide in Postrekov has a long-year tradition. The restoration of its present form, however, goes back to the 1960s. The figure of a judge, which is probably connected with the figure of a bishop portrayed in the picture by Jaroslav Spillar from the 1890s, can be recognized as one of the adopted elements. The conviction of the figure of so-called Masopust (Shrovetide) is one of the top points of Shrovetide Tuesday. It is proceded by the judge's speech that is to assess the important events of the calendar year in a satiric way. In the course of twenty-seven years, Stanislav Vogeltanz, the local native, was holding this role in Postrekov. The authoress' text is based on the typed set of his texts from 1976 - 2002 that served as the basis for Vogeltanz's performances in front of the entire village community. She analyses its content and structure, drawing the attention to constant and variable elements. A part of the text is devoted to Ladislav Foist, Vogeltanz's follower. By him, the authoress takes into account the changes included into the speeches by the teacher from Pobezovice, and she tries to determine to what extent his performance is influenced by the relationship to his ancestor and by the collective's censorship.
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Obchůzky o svátku sv. Lucie v Pošumaví

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EN
The essay speaks about the rounds on 12 December - on the eve of St. Lucy's Day. It is based on the field research running in three villages (Svata Mari, Zdikovec and Zalesi), which are located in the southern part of the Bohemian Forest region, District of Prachatice, between 2007 and 2011. Simultaneously, it summarizes the reports about the rounds from the 1980s, i.e. from the period when the participating women did not present this tradition intentionally. We also took into account the information published at the beginning of the 20th century in journal 'Cesky lid'. Based on comparing the forms of rounds recorded in different time levels, the authors came to the hypothesis about a possible influence of Jesuit priest Vojtech Chanovsky (1581 - 1643) who was sent out to do missionary work in his native region and to improve the morals in spin evenings, inter alia. The presence of a Black Lucy who says the prayers and acts as a leading person, dominating over other White Lucys, and the accompanying song with a text of educational and moralistic character and a tune, which follows the song funds of the mentioned region, seem to be the typical features of the rounds in the entire area of the Bohemian Forests.
EN
At Universities of Mining, plenty of rituals occurred, which accompanied the life of their students. The 'jumping over the leather apron' was one of them - a rite of passage after whose passing a novice was admitted to the miner's profession. In our territory, this tradition had been maintained during the existence of Academy of Mining in the town of Pribram, i.e. until 1939 when this university was dissolved. The 'jumping' was restored as late as in 1946, i.e. one year after the higher education of mining had been moved to the town of Ostrava. As a part of matriculation, it has fulfilled its function until now here. The mentioned contribution portrays one of the contemporary forms of the rite in the region of Karvina which is one of the regions where the mines are still in operation. The participants come from the ranks of their employees. The rite is held once a year in the course of miners' meetings called 'sachtaky - coal mine meetings'. With this name, also the entire event is called. The rite functions only as one of the kinds of entertainment, its primary function has yielded in favour of the entertainment and relaxation functions. The authoresses emphasise the need to study the miners' rites including the 'jumping' that is performed also in other places of the Czech Republic today
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