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  1. 2 Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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  1. 2 2006

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  1. 2 Michalowska-Mycielska A.

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1

Institutions of Jewish Self-Government in Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) in the 17th and 18th Century

100%
Michalowska-Mycielska A.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2006
|
issue 4(220)
598-606
EN
The article looks at the operation of self-government of the Jewish communities in Greater Poland: the election system, the powers of elected officials and employees, community assemblies, the tax and judiciary systems. The rabbi, the most important of the employed servants, had to come from outside Greater Poland, and in the case of Poznan the community rabbi was at the same time the regional rabbi. There was a clear policy of the kehillahs' efforts to limit the rabbi's authority, as illustrated by the fact that a contract was signed with him for a specified period of time, which created a mutual dependence in exercising power. The article also shows the extent to which the Jewish community was self-sufficient and could cater to various needs of its inhabitants, be it religious, charitable, educational, judiciary, etc. An important role in exercising power in a community was the control exercised over the inhabitants. This involved a system of permits or concessions, the principal one among them being the residence permit, or the citizenship of the community. Other methods of ensuring obedience were various forms of punishment, extracting of oaths (occasionally enhanced with financial guarantees) and excommunication (herem)
2

Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's novel 'Broken-down carriage' - a voice for a reform of Polish Jews

100%
Michalowska-Mycielska A.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2006
|
issue 1(217)
5-12
EN
The article deals with a little known novel by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1758-1841), which remains in manuscript form, 'Powóz zlamany' (Broken-down carriage), written in the years 1815-1816. The novel is composed of the tales of four travellers, a German, a Frenchman, a Pole and a Jew, forced by a defect of the carriage in which they rode to retire to a roadside inn. The tale of a Volhynia Jew, one Moszek Lejbowicz, presents the evolution of a 'traditional' Jew (having traditional education and dealing with inn-keeping and commerce) into an enlightened Jew. The turning point in Moszek's biography was a trip to Germany, where he met enlightened Jews and learned about the changes that occurred in the situation of the Jews there. After returning to Poland, Moszek took up useful work and established a faience factory. He obtained government aid for his actions. In his novel, Niemcewicz advocates a reform of the Jews patterned on the German model, seeking to persuade the Jews to abandon the traditional style of life and of making a living and transform them into useful citizens: entrepreneurs, craftsmen or farmers.
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