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Vernacular architecture and traditional rural landscape in new socio-economic realities - a case study from Central Poland

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Gorączko M., Gorączko A.
Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
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2015
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vol. 30
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issue 30
43-58
EN
The article presents the results of the research survey of the old rural constructions in the Koło Basin (Central Poland) and its closest vicinity, conducted by the authors in the period 2011-2013. From the beginning of the 19th century until the late 1960s, the population of that region tended to use for construction limestone, instead of wood which for centuries was the most common building material on Polish lowlands. Using the local deposits of limestone, excavated near Rożaniatow village, various structures were built, with the parts of the building most endangered by degradation made of ceramic bricks (for corners and window/door frames) or glacial erratics (for wall base), thereby forming structures with specific architectural and aesthetic features, unique to that region. The survey was conducted in 165 villages of the region, cataloguing more than 2,000 such structures - residential buildings, farm facilities, industrial buildings. Many of these buildings display a similar elevation style of same-coloured stones, making them one of the most specific elements of the landscape. The analysed area, just like the majority of rural Poland, is currently undergoing socio-economic changes which started in the 1990s and intensified after Poland joined the European Union. Changes in production profiles and farm sizes, migration of rural population to cities or countries of Western and Northern Europe, and progress of suburbanization are some of the main factors which trigger significant changes in the settlement network of the country. This is the right moment to assess whether the traditional solutions applied in the rural construction of the Koło Basin are worth modern application or whether they are only an element of cultural heritage valuable just from the historical perspective.
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Potencjalne znaczenie tradycyjnego budownictwa wiejskiego w strategii rozwoju gminy Uniejów

100%
Gorączko A., Gorączko M.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2016
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issue 167
156-171
3
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Cechy regionalne w budownictwie na terenie gminu Uniejów

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Gorączko M., Gorączko A.
Biuletyn Uniejowski
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2013
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vol. 2
53-65
EN
Since 2011 the authors have been researching the regional features of rural construction in the region of Kolska Structural Basin and in its vicinity. The specific nature of this region involves a high share of buildings erected from the local building stone – upper-Cretaceous limestone silica building stone. The material, common in the area about 1000 km2 in size, is used for outcropping in the region of the village of Rożniatów, the Uniejów commune, where such formations appear on the surface in the upper layer. The article presents the results of research referring to the Uniejów commune, in which there has been listed about 30% of the total of more than 2000 buildings made from limestone silica building stone. Such a considerable distribution of that material not typical of lowland facilitated the study of the technology applied in the regional rural construction, as well as the architectonic solutions used. The buildings made from limestone silica building stone represented by housing and livestock structures, barns, churches and special structures, due to their unique character, provide a very characteristic element of the local landscape. Unfortunately, from year to year the number of structures demonstrating the regional specific nature in the commune has been decreasing. The deteriorating technical condition of the buildings results in launching maintenance works where the stone is replaced with today’s building materials. More and more structures get demolished. It is necessary to initiate the protection of that unique heritage of material culture. In such actions a special role should be played by local government.
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