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1

REASONS ENCOURAGING ADOLESCENTS TO TAKE UP SMOKING

100%
Orosova O., Madarasova-Geckova A., Bacikova-Sleskova M., Van D. J. P.
Studia Psychologica
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2008
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vol. 50
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issue 1
67-78
EN
Aim: To understand adolescents' smoking behavior by analyzing retrospective self-ratings of the reasons encouraging them to take up smoking. Method: Participating in the study were 883 students (373 boys) of elementary and secondary schools in Kosice, Slovak Republic (74.9% of adolescents in the sample reported having experience with smoking). Smoking status and reasons for taking up smoking were measured using questionnaires. Results: Boys and girls ranked as the most important reasons for taking up smoking novelty, curiosity, peer influence and enjoyment seeking. Significant effect of grade was found in boys' ratings of peer influence, parental influence, relaxation in social situation, older siblings' influence and media advertising, but no significant effect of grade was found in girls' ratings with the exception of media advertising. Significant effect of smoking status was found in boys' ratings of every reason for taking up smoking, and for girls' ratings of every reason except curiosity, parental influence and rebelliousness. Effective prevention strategies encouraging non-smokers to fulfill such urges as curiosity, novelty- and enjoyment-seeking in ways other than by smoking, need to be developed and implemented.
2

Rizikové faktory užívania drog dispievajúcimi

100%
Orosova O., Gajdosova B., Madarasova-Geckova A., van D. J. P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2007
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vol. 51
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issue 1
32-47
EN
The study presents the state-of-art of knowledge of risk factors of drug use as a form of risk behaviour in adolescents in individual, interpersonal, and environmental domain (family, school, society). The attention is paid to general deviation syndrome and to the construct of general tendency to drug use. The authors emphasise the need of following the interactions and potentials of changing the risk factors, moderators, and mediators of drug use in adolescents. Recommendations for prevention of drug dependences are formulated.
3

DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH AMONG THE ELDERLY IN POLAND AND CROATIA

76%
Knurowski T., Lazic D., van Dijk J. P., Madarasova-Geckova A., Tobiasz-Adamczyk B., van den Heuvel W.
Studia Psychologica
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2004
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vol. 46
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issue 1
21-30
EN
On the basis of the WHO definition of health, we aimed at exploring the model of health and identifying the most important dimensions of health among the elderly in two Central European countries: Poland and Croatia. Randomly chosen elderly aged 65-85 from Krakow (Poland) and from Zagreb and some smaller cities in Croatia were interviewed on various measures of health and life satisfaction. Factor analysis was used to explore the database (528 and 286 interviews with Polish and Croatian elderly, respectively). Four components of health, explaining over 60 percent of variance, were discovered in both countries. The first (termed physical limitations, consisting of: ADL-activities of daily living, IADL-instrumental activities of daily living, physical and role functioning scales) and the fourth component (termed physical complaints, formed by chronic conditions and perceived bodily pain) were recognized as the biological dimension of health. The second component, accounting in our opinion for the psychological dimension of health, correlated with two life satisfaction scales, mental health scale, loneliness and depression scales. The third component, formed by three sub-scales of the social support interactions scale, can be viewed as the social dimension of health. Self-rated health among Polish elderly correlated with the fourth component and among Croatian elderly weakly with the second component. Additionally, the social functioning scale correlated with the first component in Croatia. Obtained results suggest that biological dimension of health with regard specifically to functional limitations is the major determinant of health in old age, however, all dimensions are essential in defining health perception in the elderly in both these Central European countries. With some exceptions, mainly the same scales in each country form the core structure of each component.
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