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EN
Post-Ethnic America? Postcolonial Interventions into American Culture Wars and Black American Studies The article explores the impact that postcolonial studies had on the research imperatives and practices of Black American studies. I am going to argue that postcolonial, and in particular Black British cultural studies, have contributed significantly to internationalisation of Black Studies (and, by extension, of ethnic and American studies), reconfiguring the American concept of ethnicity and expanding the American discourse of multiculturalism. The article focuses particularly on the critical intervention that has come from the Caribbean-born British cultural studies theorists, first and foremost Paul Gilroy, the first critic to use the postcolonial frame of reference to black American texts.
EN
The aim of this essay is to present an overview of shifting paradigms in Black Studies. I will critically look back on my own research on African American women writers of the so-called Second American Renaissance in an effort to determine to what extent theory can alter interpretation, and how theoretical position can ‘rewrite’ or ‘transform’ the books we read and analyze. I will show that my engagement with diasporic and postcolonial theories has enabled me a more polemical formulation of contemporary Afro-American women’s prose. I will also analyze how my experience with applying different literary and cultural theories and criticism impacted on my teaching of black American literature and literature in general.
EN
This essay focuses on widespread structural violence against American ethnic minorities. It argues that what is missing from media coverage of America’s interracial violence and public debates surrounding this issue is an account of how violence that inheres in social, economic and power relations contributes to inter-racial conflicts in the US. The economic deprivation and political marginalisation of African Americans and other US minorities is a well-known fact, but its connection to racially motivated violence, especially that unleashed by the oppressed groups on the oppressive majority, is, more often than not, pushed to the backburner in mainstream public debates.
PL
Tematem tego eseju jest strukturalna przemoc, jakiej amerykańskie mniejszości etniczne doświadczają ze strony państwa. Esej utrzymuje, że w rasizm oraz między-etniczne konflikty są efektem ekonomicznej, politycznej i kulturowej dyskryminacji kolorowej populacji Stanów Zjednoczonych. Debaty publiczne oraz relacje medialne dotyczące kwestii konfliktów etnicznych przemocy na tle rasowej są w dużej mierze zdominowane przez analizy dotyczące poszczególnych incydentów, takich jak morderstwa dokonane przez Dylanna Roofa. Mniej uwagi natomiast poświęca się usankcjonowanej przez państwo przemocy wobec marginalizowanym i kryminalizowanym mniejszościom, o której mówią prawie wyłącznie tylko środowiska akademickie, aktywiści społeczni i agencje pozarządowe.
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