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Žonglování s čísly: odhady počtu obětí občanské války v Bosně a Hercegovině a jejich odlišná interpretace

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Žíla O.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2014
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vol. 100
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issue 2
343-370
EN
This study focuses on interpretive discrepancies in evaluating numbers of victims in the war between the constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Varying interpretations of research conducted on the numerical population losses have been caused by the long-term absence of a postwar population census. This article analyzes and summarizes discrepant calculations of the overall number of victims and the proportional losses of the individual nations. These sources were quantified by experts from the ranks of the nations involved in the conflict, demographers of the former Yugoslavia and also foreign researchers using varied methodological approaches. Their inconsistent, and in places entirely contradictory calculations (and subsequent interpretations) clearly illustrate to what extent the statistical discipline relies on the relevance of the data that is entered into calculations, and to what extent it can be used or abused for political purposes. At its conclusion, this contribution summarizes the partial quantitative data and its relevance in the reconstruction of an approximate range of the number of victims in the Bosnian conflict.
2
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Válečný konflikt v Bosně a Hercegovině a fenomén etnických čistek

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Žíla O.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2014
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issue 3
279-314
EN
The article is concerned with ethnic cleansing, that is, the violent methods that constituted the central element of the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s. The article aims to show the fatal consequences of the military operations that were conducted with the aim of the ethnic homogenization of the individual territories, and were rooted in the differences in the demographic development of the constituent peoples (the Serbs, Croatians, and Muslim Bosniaks) of Bosnia and Herzegovina before the outbreak of the conflict and the impact of this development on the transformation of the ethnic composition of the individual regions. After defining the terms ‘ethnic cleansing’ and ‘genocide’, the author analyses the character and extent of the violent local homogenization that led to the greatest refugee crisis in Europe since the end of the Second World War. On the basis of a summary of the individual stages of the ethnic cleansing during the war from 1992 to 1995, the author seeks to demonstrate that the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina at first erupted mainly in places that had, during the last two decades before the breakup of Yugoslavia, manifested the most striking changes in the ethnic representation of the constituent nations (chiefly the Eastern Orthodox Serbs and the Muslims). In the second part, the author focuses on analysing the strategic interests of the elites of the Serbs, Croats, and Bosniaks and the forms these interests took during the violent ethnic homogenization of the territory under their military control.
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SEBEIDENTIFIKACE, STATISTIKA A JEJÍ INTERPRETACE – ETNICKY SMÍŠENÁ MANŽELSTVÍ, JUGOSLÁVCI A MUSLIMSKÁ OTÁZKA V BOSNĚ A HERCEGOVINĚ V KONTEXTU NÁRODNOSTNÍ POLITIKY SOCIALISTICKÉ JUGOSLÁVIE

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Žíla O.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 3
513 – 532
EN
The paper analyses the co-existence of the nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina in the context of the development of the national policy of socialist Yugoslavia. Its aim is to explain some of the key aspects involved in shaping the varied mosaic of the multi-ethnic environment of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The study analyses how far the number of ethnically mixed marriages corresponded to the high level of ethnic heterogeneity. It considers the degree to which the Bosnian population identified with the non-national Yugoslav category and how this was reflected in the ethnic composition of the country. The conclusion of the text is devoted to the development of the Moslem question and the affirmation of the Moslems as the sixth nation of Yugoslavia.
4
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Vnitřní uprchlíci v Bosně a Hercegovině a jejich percepce "domova"

100%
Žíla O.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2013
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vol. 100
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issue 2
129-148
EN
The article analyses how the so called "inner refugees", dispersed in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a result of the civic conflict in the 1990s view "home". The principal aim of the study rests in answering the question of how, as a result of prolongation of the period of stay of the refugees in other places, their longing for returning to their home changed (the so callded "myth of return").
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