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EN
In the years 2016–2018, the situation on the labour market in Poland improved considerably. The number of employed persons increased, and the unemployment rate dropped to a historic low level. Still, the market has several structural weaknesses, such as gaps in the personnel’s qualifications versus the needs of entrepreneurs, omnipresent unstable forms of employment, rigidity of the labour code, hidden unemployment in agriculture, and low effectiveness of the labour agencies. As a result, little progress can be observed with regard to Poles’ professional activity, which, consequently, hampers the process of meeting the demographic challenges due to the decreasing population and the Polish society’s aging.
EN
Since the turn of the years 2016 and 2017, many positive signals have come from the economy: the market data clearly show that the process for economic situation reconstruction has been generally successful. Export has been increasing, inflation seems to be under control, the rate of the Polish zloty remains stable, and the economic and financial situation of companies has been improving gradually. This does not mean, however, that in the coming years Poland will be able to develop fast. Besides, the majority of forecasts assume that in 2018 the rate of the gross domestic product may decrease in comparison with 2017, and it is still unknown how the increase curve will develop in the following years. The article attempts to assess the macroeconomic situation of Poland as forecast for 2017 and as foreseen for the years 2018–2019, as well as to analyse the key factors that will influence the prospects of our economy development. In this context, attention has been focused on five issues: investment trends, the role of knowledge and innovation in stimulating economic growth, the structural conditions of the national labour market, the stability of public finance in the perspective of the coming years, and the conditions for business activity in Poland.
EN
The majority of analytical centres forecasts show that – as a result of the United Kingdom’s resignation from the membership in the European Union – the British economy will face a recession. From the perspective of the United Kingdom’s development prospects, the effects of withdrawal from the EU should not be, however, very severe: in the worst scenario the GDP will decrease by 7.9 percent by 2030. Yet, the decrease is rather expected to be lower – between 1.1 and 3.5 percent – and with no risk of a deep and long-lasting economic crisis. The Polish economy will also experience negative effects of Brexit, these will not, however, be very serious either, and they will be equalised within three or four years thanks to the development of alternative markets. Still, some Polish companies closely connected with the British market may have difficulties finding new business niches.
EN
The founders of the European Union, while signing the Treaties of Rome on 25th March 1957, foresaw that the construction of the united Europe would be accompanied by internal conflicts and crises. They believed that such temporary difficulties would not stop the integration process, but would rather strengthen the feeling of solidarity. However nowadays, when the emerging problems seem to question the future of the EU, it is not sure whether Europe will overcome them being more united indeed. In his article, the author discusses the most important political conditions that influence the debate on the future of the Union, he presents alternative scenarios of the further development of the European integration process in the perspective of the year 2025, and he attempts to set a potential place of Poland in the changing Europe.
EN
The fourth industrial revolution is bringing numerous ground-breaking digital technologies, whose broader application will cause significant changes in the manners and organisation of production, in accordance with the 4.0 industry concept. On the one hand, it will allow entrepreneurs to achieve competitive advantage on the globalised markets, and on the other hand – it will allow for meeting the needs of clients in a better way. Attempts of Polish entrepreneurs to achieve the 4.0 industry standards – for example due to the low level of production automation and robotization and financial barriers of investments in the field of advanced technologies – may turn out a very complex process in the national reality, which will call for the State’s support.
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