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1

Antytotalitaryzm zintegrowany Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego

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Rzegocki A.

Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi

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2011

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vol. 33

493–503

EN

Father Professor Józef Franciszek Emanuel Innocenty Maria Bocheński, OP, cannot be excluded from the ranks of the most prominent Polish experts on Marxist philosophy and sovietologists. He was both a thinker and a “human institution,” a person of clearly anti-Communist views, who devoted the better part of his life to a multi-faceted struggle against totalitarianism. Phenomenon, which was the personality, activity and thought of Father Józef Maria Bocheński, cannot be understood by concentrating only on part of his achievements and interests. In order to understand his importance as an extremely significant point of resistance against every totalitarian doctrine, we have to look at Father Innocenty in the most comprehensive way possible. In my opinion, his opposition against totalitarianism not only possessed a purely intellectual dimension but was also intrinsically connected with his personality. The whole way of life and thinking of Bocheński was saturated with the notion of liberty, both in individual and communal context. His aversion towards every attempt at enslavement had strong foundations, probably deriving from the period of his childhood. That is why, in order to grasp what is most important for Bocheński, we should remember almost every aspect of his activities and interests; all of them carried an immense anti-totalitarian message. Apart from his philosophical and popularizing achievements, the organizational activity and the very personality of the monk also remains of crucial importance. His eccentric behavior is to this day recollected with sentiment by pupils of Professor Bocheński (and not only by them). The upbringing in Polish culture was the keystone of pro-liberty attitude and diverse endeavors of Józef Maria Bocheński. Polish culture became a major foundation of the anti-totalitarian attitude of Polish logician.

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„Uznać się w jestestwie swoim…”, ale jak tego dokonać? Dwie propozycje doby zaborów: Maurycego Mochnackiego i Stanisława Witkiewicza

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Rzegocki A.

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

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2010

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vol. 3

PL

Polish political thought is closely connected with the dates that marked historical moments in the life of the state. The fall of the Polish‐Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 was a moment that marked a shift in the Polish political thought from the idea of freedom and state reform to the idea of regaining independence. The collapse of a state led to the redeﬁnition of national identity by the Poles. Maurycy Mochnacki and Stanisław Witkiewicz suggested in their theoretical writings that the problem of self‐ and national identity is the most burning issue in the times of the partitioning of Poland. According to Maurycy Mochnacki the main task the Poles had to accomplish in the new political context was to gain the awareness of their own identity (“uznanie się w jestestwie swoim”). Mochnacki used an old Polish phrase to stress the vital importance of appreciating one’s cultural and historical heritage as well as gaining a sense of identity both individually and nationally.

3

Wprowadzenie w edukację polityczną

100%

Rzegocki A.

Horyzonty Polityki

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 3

17-30

PL

Chociaż edukacja polityczna wydaje się mieć niewiele wspólnego z edukacją obywatelską, społeczną czy nawet patriotyczną, to jest ona kluczem do uczynienia z młodych ludzi aktywnych obywateli. We współczesnej Polsce polityka często bywa przeciwstawiana społeczeństwu obywatelskiemu, ze względu na przemiany jakie zaszły w najnowszych dziejach. Jednak w tradycji polskiej myśli politycznej łączono elementy edukacji politycznej, obywatelskiej i patriotycznej. To dzięki tej pierwszej, przy uwzględnieniu istotnego elementu obywatelskiego i patriotycznego, umacnia się odpowiedzialność obywateli oraz aktywne uczestnictwo w życiu publicznym. Każdy, kto chce wprowadzić politykę do prowadzonych zajęć, powinien być świadomy tradycyjnie krytycznego podejścia dopierwszej nowożytnej doktryny politycznej oraz prac jej głównego propagatora, Niccolo Machiavellego. W ciągu wieków Polacy tworzyli państwo w oparciu o idee indywidualnej wolności oraz obywatelskiego zaangażowania w życie publiczne. Pierwsze zetknięcie z nowoczesnym państwem zbiegło się z utratą niepodległości i rozbiorem ziem polsko-litewskich przez trzech absolutystycznych zaborców. Z tego powodu skuteczna edukacjapolityczna w Polsce musi być oparta na republikańskiej i obywatelskiej tradycji, której oddziaływanie na polską politykę było ogromne, niezależnie od tragicznych rozdziałów w polskiej historii. Although political education may seem to have little in common with civic, social, and even patriotic education, it is crucial in making young people more active citizens. In modern Poland politics and civic society are often contrasted, due to the developments in contemporary Polish history. However, it has been the tradition of Polish political thought to link the political, the civic and the patriotic element of education together. It is only the political education with a strong civic and patriotic component that encourages civic responsibility and active participation in social life. Anyone in Poland willing to bring politics to the classroom should be aware of the traditional Polish critical approach to the basic tenets of early modern political thought and the works of its foremost exponent, Niccolo Machiavelli. Over the centuries the Poles have built a state based on the idea of individual freedom and civic participation in public life. Their first encounter with modern state coincided with the loss of independence and the annexation of the Polish-Lithuanian lands by three absolutist monarchies. Therefore effective political education in Poland must base itself on the Polish republican and civic traditions whose impact on Polish politics has been enormous despite the tragic chapters of Polish history.

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1 Horyzonty Polityki

1 Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

1 Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi

2 2011

1 2010

3 Rzegocki A.

Antytotalitaryzm zintegrowany Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego

„Uznać się w jestestwie swoim…”, ale jak tego dokonać? Dwie propozycje doby zaborów: Maurycego Mochnackiego i Stanisława Witkiewicza

Wprowadzenie w edukację polityczną