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1

FORMOVANIE NEMECKEJ POLITICKEJ SCÉNY NA SLOVENSKU V ROKOCH 1918 - 1920 S DÔRAZOM NA SPIŠSKÝ REGIÓN

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Ďurkovská M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2009
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vol. 12
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issue 2
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EN
A new state of government-legal system of Czechoslovak Republic after the year 1918 allowed founding of German national councils and new parties in the Slovak territory. 'Oberungarischer Volksrat der Deutschungarn' was founded in Kezmarok and 'Deutscher Volksrat' in Bratislava. The 'Zipserdeutsche Partei' (Spis German Party) was also founded on the 22nd of March 1920. Karl Bruckner became its first chairman and was superseded by Andor Nitch. The most important function of this party was to take care of political, cultural and economical interests of Germans living in Spis. 'Zipserdeutsche Partei' was a branch of Hungarian parties during its existence - initially as a part of 'Orszagos Keresztenyiszocialista Part' and later 'Magyar Nemzeti Part'.
2

MAĎARSKÉ A NEMECKÉ POLITICKÉ STRANY PREDMNÍCHOVSKÉHO ČESKOSLOVENSKA (NÁZOROVÉ ROZDIELY V POLITIKE KARPATONEMECKEJ A SPIŠSKONEMECKEJ STRANY A V ICH VZŤAHU VOČI MAĎARSKÝM POLITICKÝM STRANÁM)

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Ďurkovská M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2008
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vol. 11
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issue 4
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EN
The status of German and Hungarian people has changed after the formation of Czechoslovak Republic. The attitudes of German and Hungarian inhabitants who lived in Slovakia were not constant towards Czechoslovak Republic. The most important difference existed between members of the German minority who lived in Bratislava (gathered in 'Karpathendeutsche Partei' (KdP)) and Germans who lived in Spis. Germans from Spis were pro-hungarian oriented. Their 'Zipserdeutsche Partei' (ZdP) was during its existence a branch of the Hungarian parties - first 'Orszagos Keresztenyiszocialista Part', then 'Magyar Nemzeti Part'. Co-operation between these parties (ZdP and Hungarian parties) was realized through the election coalitions in 1929 and 1935. From 1930's KdP critized ZdP for its co-operation with Hungarian parties. In the middle of 30's ZdP fell into crisis. This crisis depended on massive move of its members to KdP. ZdP perished on 1. 9. 1939. In consequence of its aggression KdP was forbidden in 1938. On the base of the 'Egyesult Magyar Part' it was transformed into new party.
3

MAĎARSKÁ MENŠINA A JEJ POLITICKÉ AKTIVITY NA VÝCHODNOM SLOVENSKU V ROKOCH 1918 - 1929

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Ďurkovská M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2009
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vol. 12
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issue 3
-
EN
The status of Hungarian minority has changed after the formation of Czechoslovak Republic. Attitudes of Hungarian inhabitants who lived in Slovakia were not constant to Czechoslovak Republic. They changed under influence of political progress. In Slovakia existed two major Hungarian parties - Orszagos Keresztenyiszocialista Part and Magyar Nemzeti Part, besides them there were some minor parties. The Orszagos Keresztenyiszocialista Part and Magyar Nemzeti Part co-operated with the Zipserdeutsche Partei. The Zipserdeutsche Partei during its existence was part of them. Co-operation between these parties (Hungarian parties and Zipserdeutsche Partei) was realized through the election coalitions in 1929 and 1935. Sometimes they organized the Congresses of opposition parties. Hungarian parties still attacked and criticized the situation in Czechoslovakia and pointed to the dissatisfaction with the situation of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia.
4

SPOLUPRÁCA SPIŠSKONEMECKEJ STRANY S MAĎARSKÝMI POLITICKÝMI STRANAMI V REGIÓNE SPIŠA ZAČIATKOM DVADSIATYCH ROKOV A KONCOM TRIDSIATYCH ROKOV 20. STOROČIA

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Ďurkovská M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2010
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vol. 13
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issue 2
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EN
Attitudes of German and Hungarian inhabitants who lived in Slovakia were not constant to Czechoslovak Republic. They changed under the influence of political progress. The main factors were geographical heterogeneity and different political orientations. The most important difference was between members of German minority who lived in Bratislava (gathered in Karptendeutsche Partei) and Germans who lived in Spis. Germans from Spis were pro-Hungarian orientated. Their Zipserdeutsche Partei was during its existence a branch of Hungarian parties - at first Orszagos Keresztenyiszocialista Part, then Magyar Nemzeti Part. Cooperation between these parties (ZdP and Hungarian parties) was realized through the election coalitions in 1929 and 1935. Sometimes they organized congresses of opposition parties. But later different minds between Germans and Hungarians who lived in Slovakia expanded. Representatives of German minority wanted to emancipate from Hungarian impact. In spite of that German from Spis cooperate with Hungarian parties, but Bratislava and Hauerland became a domain of Karptendeutsche Partei. In consequence of its aggression KdP was forbidden in 1938. Other German and Hungarian minority parties perished, or on their bases were formatted new parties.
5

NEMECKÉ ŠTÁTNE REFORMNÉ REÁLNE GYMNÁZIUM V LEVOČI V 20. A 30. ROKOCH 20. STOROČIA A AKTIVITY JEHO ŠTUDENTOV V SPOLKU PFADFINDERVEREIN

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Ďurkovská M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 3
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EN
The article is focuses on the German state reformed secondary school in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century from its inception to the completion of its activities. This example shows the development of the German education during the first Czechoslovak Republic. The focus is not only on teachers, pupils and the structure of curricula, but also on extra-curricular activities of students and the closely related issue of German Scouts movement. In this regard, the contribution deals also with the formation, organization and development of the German Scout Association “Verein der Pfadfinder in der Slowakei” in the Spiš, which was founded in 1932 by the group of students of the German grammar school in Levoča. Attention is paid to the principles of this association (for example, the principle of racial purity) which were contrary to the principles of civil society in Czechoslovakia. In addition, this contribution approaches also the provocative behaviour of the German youth in the Spiš at the beginning of the thirties and the incompatibility between the members of the association and the students who did not belong to the association. A part of the paper is devoted to a change in perception of the German youth as a result of Hitler’s influence on the movement. The association of “Verein der Pfadfinder in der Slowakei” affected in many ways the civil relations in Levoča during the third decade of the 20th century. Particularly, it was the affirmation of the principles that were contrary to the principles of democratic society, as well as the negative attitude and bullying of students of Jewish religious community by members of the Pfadfinderverein at the state German reformed secondary school in Levoča. Prohibition of activities of Pfadfinderverein and subsequent investigation and prosecution of many of its members were proof that the social climate in Levoča was not in favour of developing similar extreme ideologies.
6

SOCIOETNICKÁ A JAZYKOVÁ SITUÁCIA SLOVENSKEJ MLÁDEŽE ŽIJÚCEJ V RUMUNSKU (PRIMÁRNE VÝSLEDKY EMPIRICKÉHO VÝSKUMU)

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Homišinová M., Výrost J., Ďurkovská M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2017
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vol. 20
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issue 2
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EN
During time period 2009 - 2016 two interdisciplinary research projects were carried out with focus on the sociolinguistic situation of the Slovakian youth living in the Lowlands. Both projects were interconnected on the base of thematic orientation and methodology and focused on the language-communication behavior of the Slovakian youth in situational context of intra-ethnic use of spoken Slovak in Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, and Romania. The main instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire which consisted of questions oriented on the language/communication behaviour in the formal (public) and informal (family) settings. Obtained data were analysed in SPSS 21 statistical package. Results connected with language behaviour in the formal and informal environment confirmed majority of tendency to communicate very high. Slovak language usage is frequent in communication inside but also outside the school. Significant connection between age and communication outside school settings were confirmed - the younger group more frequently uses Slovak language in ordinary communication. Ethno-cultural indicator also reflected respondent’s predominantly positive attitudes to the national cultural development, mother tongue knowledge improvement, and minority school system development.
7

PERCEPTION OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS OF SLOVAKS, HUNGARIANS AND ROMA 2004 – 2017

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Kentoš M., Ďurkovská M., Kohoutová K.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2018
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vol. 21
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issue 4
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EN
The aim of the contribution is to analyse interethnic relations between Slovaks, Hungarians and Roma people in 2004-2017 based on empirical research data focused on the theoretical, methodological and practical issues of ethnicity and ethnic relations. The issue of interethnic relations, or to be more precise the relations between the majority and minorities in the central Europe area, represents not only a past concern but also currently one of the priorities for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Th results contribute to solutions to possible interethnic conflicts that arise from the interaction of different cultures in today's society. After November 1989, the social significance of interethnic relations has been marked by ethno-identification processes in the Slovak republic. The primary interest of individual minority representatives is to improve their position and secure the enactment of their rights. Slovakia entered the European Union in 2004, and before that it had to meet the Copenhagen criterion in the area of protection of rights and national minorities. One of the main issues in the near future is the ability to accept the heterogeneity of Slovak society as a normal standard. Roma and Hungarian minorities are an indicator of the problem in Slovakia, today. Data was collected in the second half of 2004 and 2017 in all regions of Slovakia. In 2004, a total of 480 respondents were surveyed for the needs of our study. The subjects of the survey were Slovaks (160) and the two most numerous minorities living in Slovakia: the Hungarians (160) and the Roma (160). The selection criteria for the research sample were: nationality indicator, t. j. public declaration of belonging to the minority; gender, age and education. In 2017 the total quota sample in our research consists of 487 adult respondents: 162 Slovaks, 165 Hungarians and 160 Roma. The evaluation of intra-ethnic relations has produced mixed results. While in 2004 Hungarians were more positive about the relations inside their ethnic community, in 2017 it was Slovaks. The Roma assessments didn’t change over these two rounds. Even though this contribution doesn’t analyse the reasons for evaluating interethnic relations, the 2017 ratings show less variability among the different ethnic group ratings. It is related to the stabilization of interethnic relations, a more peaceful political dialogue and the presence of an external ethnic threat in the form of a migratory crisis.
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