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EN
The paper deals with theoretical and economic issues related to retirement premiums of pillar II, being private retirement insurance system in Poland. The issues are of interest to economic, financial, legal, and social sciences. It follows from the analysis that a part of the retirement premiums are subject to additional significant costs due to various agents engaged in the insurance business. Retirement premiums are a substantial factor of financing economic growth as they are used to serve the public debt via purchasing public bonds and securites.
EN
The subject matter of the study is an analysis of the social consequences of increasing the retirement age of women up to 67 years. The discussion on the change in the retirement age is usually focused on its economic and financial aspects, hence a deeper scientific analysis is needed in relation to the social repercussions of this operation. The main subjects of the study are as follows: maintenance of equality tendencies in relation to the principles of social justice, changes in the social structure manifested especially on the labour market, social expectations as to employment security for those approaching retirement and development of flexible forms of working, development of incentives encouraging employers to keep current staff or hire new employees of older age, and changes in social roles.
EN
Projections for replacement rate achievable from two mandatory pillars of the pension system indicate a significant reduction in retirement income compared to regular professional activity. The designers of the new philosophy of retirement have made an assumption that all three pillars will play equivalent role in providing retirement income. They have also assumed that the participants of the pension system will be kept informed about the height of the expected benefits derived from the first pillar and the amount of funds raised in the second pillar. Forecast of low (unsatisfactory) benefits from a compulsory part of the system is supposed to persuade people to make informed decisions aimed at increasing retirement income.
EN
The subject of the publication is the analysis of the situation of women in the labour market in terms of lowering the retirement age. The reinstatement of quite a low retirement age threshold which makes women eligible for retirement indicates a change in their position in the area of employment. Manipulating the retirement age is a basic instrument of influence on pension schemes and the formation of human resources for labour markets in European countries, the latter affected by the ageing of the population. A dominant trend is to raise the age limit in order to increase manpower resources and to cut back public expenditure on benefits. Without a doubt, the lowering of the retirement age in Poland will have a number of socioeconomic consequences, which will include an outflow of women from the labour market, and a depletion of manpower resources, which in turn may result in lessened migratory pressure. However, the thesis can be advanced that the amount of benefits received, due to a shorter input period, will arouse a greater interest in the option of combining benefit receipt with gainful employment. The solutions adopted in this respect will not only impact the situation of women, but other social groups as well, which will be clearly visible in the response from the labour market.
PL
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