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  1. 2 Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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  1. 2 Rakowski T.

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BETWEEN SCAVENGING AND ARCHAEOLOGY. PRESENT AND HISTORIC EXPERIENCES AMONG UNEMPLOYED MINERS FROM WALBRZYCH

100%
Rakowski T.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
|
2007
|
vol. 51
|
issue 4
119-135
EN
Walbrzych and its surroundings is an area which has experienced the most difficult aspects of the post-1989 transformation in Poland. Coal mines in the Walbrzych started to be closed at the beginning of the 1990s as part of the restructuring of the coal industry. This placed a large number of people ( some 20 000 miners and employees in mining-related companies) in a new and incomprehensible situation. During the previous half century those mines had organised these workers' entire lives and now they had been totally disorganised, had disintegrated or had ceased to exist. The dramatic experience of the collapse of the industry and the sudden superfluity of the workers is reflected in the author's research. The interviews conducted by him with residents between 2001 and 2005 show feelings of complete destruction and, at times, auto-aggression. This seemed to be the response to what had happened to the town and to them. The pictures painted reflected both the demolished town and the destroyed post-mining bodies. At the same time, the suspended organisation of life and work began to revive and after the previously standardised industrial Communist-era town came new areas of activity such as illicit mining, the creation of ad-hoc technology and scavenging. In addition, a new area of 'liberated' or 'activated' property and its social acceptance was created - a new, as yet not understood, experience of history was created.
2

THE TUCHALARS (THE TSAATANS) IN THE FACE OF CHANGE. INTERPRETATIONS OF 'THE DECLINE' OF AN INDIGENOUS CULTURE

100%
Rakowski T.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
|
2004
|
vol. 48
|
issue 3
97-120
EN
Tuchalars (mong. Tsaatans) are a group of Tuvan reindeer breeders who remained with their herds after the closing down of a collective, kolkhoz-like enterprise in northern Mongolia. For decades they functioned within the framework of a people's state and the absurd economy of the kolkhoz. In the 1990s, when all the state companies folded up, this group of Turkish-language reindeer farmers became an attraction 'on-duty' in the emerging democratic Mongolia as well as almost the main target for various charities and NGOs. In this paper the author discusses the Tuchalars' experience of the social, economic and cultural change. In order to describe cultural dimensions of the change he uses such categories as gift, social exchange, ecology and local knowledge. The description, as it turns out, derives to large extent from the pastoral knowledge and praxis, the shamanism's worldview and particular, local economy. The interpretation of the indigenous experience of change is also an attempt to explain the rapidity of the very process - the process of 'the decline' of indigenous culture.
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