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EN
In Poland there are 243,000 agricultural holdings (app. 10% of their total number) capable of competing with their counterparts in other EU countries. However, they must take into account the worsening economic conditions and the necessity to restructure production, which requires, above all, the allocation of their own financial resources. The paper indicates the possibilities for and the scope of income growth achievable owing to an improvement in the efficiency of agricultural production and efforts to introduce production means serving as carriers of several types of innovations. It is highly probable that the holdings of the economic size of at least 16 ESU have greater possibilities in these two areas.
EN
An analysis has been conduced of the sales profitability and technical efficiency of selected groups of Polish farms in 2004-2006. These groups of farms differ in terms of size measured in ESU as well as in terms of agricultural type and form of ownership. It has been established that over 90% of farms owned by natural persons is characterised by insufficient technical efficiency. The average technical efficiency index for farms owned by legal persons reached the level of 0.75, whereas the index for farms belonging to natural persons and specialising, for example, in the production of milk proved to be 0.68. This means that outlays in the two groups of farms could be reduced by at least 20% and 27%, respectively, without a negative effect for their production results. There is evidence suggesting that about a half of all owners of farms is not interested in the improvement of their effectiveness and that the greater part of the remaining farm owners lacks the knowledge of management and marketing methods and even the knowledge of advanced techniques and technologies of agricultural production. In addition, they display weak pro-innovative attitudes.
EN
In Polish agriculture progress in the improvement of the structure of farms in accordance with economic quantity is insufficient in relation to the challenge of intensifying competition on the common agricultural market of the European Union and on the world agricultural market. In the conditions of globalisation and integration only modern and economically strong farms can ensure themselves a stable position in the emerging division of labour within EU 27. In the conditions prevailing in Poland the principal factor of improvement in the structure of farms in accordance with economic quantity is a radical change in the acreage structure of farms and mainly an increase in the proportion of farms having 30 ha and over 30 ha of arable land. However, progress in this respect, especially in recent years, has been very slow. The main barrier to faster progress is the lack of supply of arable land coming from farms liquidating or reducing their agricultural production. In this situation the popularisation and consolidation of the institution of lease ought to become an important factor of improvement in the agrarian structure of Polish agriculture. Therefore, the agricultural policy ought to facilitate the operation of farms using land under lease agreements and to strengthen the lessees' conviction about the lasting character of their work on the leased land.
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