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Prusy Wschodnie w polityce niemieckiej Józefa Piłsudskiego

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Kempa R.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2013

vol. 11

181-194

East Prussia never belonged to Marshal Józef Piłsudski’s sphere of serious interest, irrespective of the period of his political activity. Both in the territorial and military context, East Prussia was merely a derivative of general guidelines of Piłsudski’s and Poland’s policy towards Germany. Despite the fact that nobody questioned the potential threat connected with the East Prussia protrusion, no speciﬁc plan of operations for this area was worked out in case of war, and the Marshal himself marginalized the actuality of this threat. Even though, to some degree, such behavior may be explained by the lasting since 1934 disproportion between Polish and German military forces, it is hard not to notice the negligible position of East Prussia on the list of the Marshal’s priorities.

Od „Wojny Pozycyjnej” po „Wiosenne Słonce”. Polska w niemieckich planach wojennych 1919 r.

100%

Kempa R.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2012

vol. 10

189-210

After November 11, 1918 part of the German leaders and politicians noticed a chance of overtaking initiative in the East, and thus making the victorious Western Powers treat Germany in “a milder way” during the peace conference. The Treves Truce did not put an end to aggressive political concepts, but it became a unique catalyst of the so called “Oststaat” idea, consisting in creation of a new German state in the East, in the territory of Prussia, which was falling apart. At the beginning of March 1919, a new conception of the “Trench Warfare” (Stellungskrieg) was born. Under this codename a plan of detachment of Wielkopolska was worked out. As soon as the peace treaty project of provisions was revealed, Hindenburg modiﬁed the existing conceptions and prepared a new plan, called “Fr¨ uhlingsonne”, i.e. “Spring Sun” – aming at not only regaining Wielkopolska but also at dealing a blow to the Polish state. On June 21, an alert was administered and an army started concentrating on the Polish boarder. Local politicians began preparations for formal establishment of Ostsaat. The following day German planes crossed the Polish border in the Częstochowa region. From June 23 there were local encounters in the region of Bolesławiec and near Wie- ruszów. However, the change in the Bauer government stand, which was against any kind of willfulness in the East, was of the greatest importance.

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2 Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2 Kempa R.

1 2013

1 2012

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Prusy Wschodnie w polityce niemieckiej Józefa Piłsudskiego

Od „Wojny Pozycyjnej” po „Wiosenne Słonce”. Polska w niemieckich planach wojennych 1919 r.