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Gospodarcze znaczenie państwowych systemów zabezpieczenia społecznego w kapitalizmie - przegląd i ocena poglądów

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Hadrowicz T., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1984
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vol. 36
EN
All highly industrialized capitalist countries have at present more or less, but in most cases quite well, developed state systems of social security. In majority of these countries they absorb over 30 per cent of the national income. While accomplishing its main tasks of the social-welfare type they exert, nonetheless, a definite influence on the economic management process. The article contains a review of different views confirming a positive impact of the state social security systems on the capitalist economy, and their economic usefulness. The author is also making an attempt at their evaluation on the basis on an earlier performed and deeper analysis of the economic aspects of functioning of the West German social security system. The final conclusion is that the presented views may be treated as right in most cases as majority of activities within the scope of the state social security systems in capitalism exerts a positive impact on the economic growth process and contribute to weakening of cyclic instability in the capitalist economy.
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Polityka socjalna państwa kapitalistycznego a kwestia bezrobocia

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Hadrowicz T., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1996
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vol. 138
EN
One of the major and at present most frequently made charges against social policies in developed market economies is that they stimulate unemployment, increase it and extend its duration. This charge is not new; it was made repeatedly also in the past but at the time of neoclassical revival in the 1970s and 1980s it was given new interpretations going much beyond the traditional form. The current concepts of the negative impact of social policy on unemployment can be divided into two kinds, namely into those which attempt to derive it from analysis of the influence exerted by some social ventures on personnel policy of enterprises and into those which consider their effects from the viewpoint of the employed and unemployed. The former say that a number of forms of social activity of the state hinder adjustment processes in the labour market through their impact on employment decisions taken in enterprieses, and the latter show that some social undertakings result in such behaviour as voluntary chice of being unemployed or in people’s conscious and purposeful extension of the duration of unemployment. This paper contains a synthetic presentation of these concpets and an attempt to evaluate their compatibility with the realities.
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Proinflacyjny charakter zachodnioniemieckiego systemu zabezpieczenia społecznego

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Hadrowicz T., Uniwersytet Łódzki Z. E. P. K.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1983
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vol. 27
EN
The article contains an attempt at providing an answer to the question whether, and if so - in what way and to what extent, the state system of social security may participate in stimulation or consolidation of the inflationary process in the contemporary capitalism. The analysis is performed within the framework of two most common theories of inflation causes today, and namely of the demand and the costs theories with the object of research being the West-German social security system. This analysis reveals that this system may, theoretically speaking, develop in an proinflationary way and that both through its influence on the demand and supply (costs) factors of the economic process. The fact that the security system restricts its activity mainly to the transfer of the purohasing power from those remaining in the production process to those excluded temporarily or penamently from the professional life as well as propensity to generating changes in the distribution of the national income in favour of the non-possessing classes being characteristic for the system, provide an excuse for stating that it created a bigger inflationary threat through its influence on the supply (costs) rather than the demand side of the economic process. It seems, however that the strenght of the proinflationary influence of the West-German social security system should not be estimated too highly duo to the fact that costs foraally incurred by companies for social securing of the employed (fees) although growing and ąuite substantial in their absolute figures, represent a relatively insignificant portion of their aggregate production costs; insignificant in comparison with wage or materiał production costs.
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Polityka zatrudnienia w RFN ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem koncepcji skracania czasu pracy

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Hadrowicz T., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1987
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vol. 75
EN
Unemployment constitutes one of the most important problems in highly developed capitalist countries today. And although these countries undertook numerous additional measures in the employment policy in the sixties, the slump in 1974 and 1975 along with the slow-down in the economic growth rate in the years following the crisis and the next crisis in the years 1981—1982 all caused that unemployment assumed proportions unprecedented since the fifties and a long-term character. Ineffectiveness of the state's economic policy and little optimistic long-term forecasts for economic growth led to revival and considerable strengthening of the working- -time shortening concept as a source of struggle with unemployment, which is the concept that first appeared and was applied in practice at the time of the great slump in 1929—1933. This article contains presentation of the above concept and of the discussion around it under way in West Germany. In its introduction, there are briefly presented also other measures employed by the West Gorman employment policy and undertaken in the late sixties, which produced rather meager effects. In the final part оГ the article, it is stated that a common reduction of working time is a measure able to alleviate the unemployment problem. As such it is a solution, which considering the present situation in the labour market of most highly developed countries, should be adopted in spite ol all reservations and doubts expressed with regard to it. Simultaneously, however, it seems quite obvious that it does not offer the slighest chance for permanent liquidation of this highly undesirable negative phenomenon.
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Gospodarcze akcenty w polityce socjalnej państwa w RFN na przykładzie ustawy "o wspieraniu zatrudnienia" z 1969 r.

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Hadrowicz T., Instyt Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 19
EN
The author made an attempt at proving that the expansion of welfare activities in a contempofary capitalist state is due — apart from undoubtedly most important socio-political reasons — also, and that to a growing extent, to reasons of economic naturę. The welfare policy is, to a growing degree, utilized to cushion not only social but also economic dislocations of the capitalism. That is fully confirmed by the government act of „employment promotion" passed in the Federal Republic orf Germany in 1969. On the strength of this act the unemployment insurance, and thus strictly welfare institution, was obliged to play an active part in the employment policy. Analysis of the main resolutions of the act and of their practical execufion allows to draw the following conclusions: 1) in the capitalist system of production, which imposes a definite shape, form, and rangę of influence on welfare undertakings being in line with logics of its functioning, the socio-economic effectiveness of welfare undertakings must be largely restricted; 2) the welfare policy, although it improves to some extent the functioning mechanism of the capitalist economy, cannot for obvious reasons bring about elimination of negative socio-economic phenomena immanently accompanying the capitalist formation; 3) attempts at economic activation of the welfare policy will be, however, continued, and they may even prove to be an inseparable element of further development of this socio-economic formation.
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