The developed market economies exploit 'the price mechanism' being assisted by the operation of various institutional instruments and measures which rather support and complement the regulatory role of the neoclassical price system than limit the influence of the market. A specific form of the mutual interplay of competitive and cooperative relations is the concept of clusters. The article attempts to reconstruct the most important elements of this concept in relation of the economic role of clusters to the theory of regulation. We present the origins and the relevant definitions of clusters, their attributes and typologies, as well as the criteria of their identification. The results of our enquiries seem to support the thesis that the concept of clusters can be regarded as an important complement of neoclassical economic theory and as an extension of the new institutional economics thanks to the introduction of another dimension, viz. of the element of trust.
Introduction: Lipodystrophy is a skin composition disorder. One of the kinds of lipodystrophy is cellulite. Differences in fat tissue composition between woman and man are the cause that lipodystrophy affects women more often. It affects women of different ages - from maturation to menopause. Is estimated that this problem affects 85% of women above the age of 20. Purpose: To analyse the impact of cosmetic procedures and diets on skin affected by cellulite. Materials and methods: The study was conducted based on a survey using a proprietary questionnaire filled by 57 clients of beauty salon Health and Beauty Center “Anamed”, located in Lomza. The study was conducted between 12.2014 and 01.2015. Results: The diet and treatments performed by the respondents were analyzed and their subjective effectiveness assessed. After analyzing the data, it was observed that one-way actions do not bring the expected results. In order to reduce cellulite, it is necessary to undertake multidirectional activities. Conclusions: Cosmetic treatments minimize cellulite changes and improve the overall condition of the skin. Proper healthy eating habits should be promoted because they help to act in the treatment and more importantly preventive in the formation of cellulite.
The issue of externalities generated by the foreign direct investments (FDI) is widely discussed in world literature. Alongside analyses of national economies of the host countries a great deal of attention is focused on the strategies of domestic companies that are confronted with the results of activities pursued by foreign investors. The article contains a synthetic examination of literature dwelling on external effects of FDI, mainly from the standpoint of domestic firms and organizations. The authors present the results of their empirical study, conducted in 2004, that was centered on the external effects of activities of foreign investors in Poland. During the study the attention was directed toward the strategies of domestic firms attempting to adjust their behavior to the conditions that result when foreign investors invade the Polish market.
Research on the foundations of competitive strategy and the resource-based approach to the theory of the firm seems to confirm the hypothesis that strategic management is an example of the mutual permeability of economic and management theories. Achievements in both of these disciplines seem to have a complementary character - progress in the former is a condition for the evolution of the latter, and vice versa. Moreover, it seems that for both, cognitive and practical reasons, further integration of economic and managerial theories of the firm is a foregone conclusion. There are not many arguments, however, that would support the thesis that this integration may lead to a synthesis resulting in the creation of one, universal theory of the firm. It is highly probable that on the one hand, many theories will exist alongside as complementary approaches and, on the other hand, some theories will eliminate others.
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