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Konfesia ako motivácia migrácie: (vnútro)uhorská migrácia protestantov medzi prinútením a pozvaním

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Kowalská E.
Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy
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2015
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vol. 18
64-82
EN
Confessional motivation of migration in the Early Modern times Kingdom of Hungary is in no way an unusual phenomenon that would deviate from the wide range of causes and connections of changes of demographic and population development. Apart from acute military danger, the possibilities of religion performing have limited its continuance or movement into new settlement in all documented cases since the very beginning of bigger movement of population within Europe. The confessional factor was not the only motive that could stimulate movement of population in space (mainly moving because of better sustenance was important), however, speaking about interpretation of migration waves, it is impossible to avoid considering the meaning of conditions for religion performing. It is interesting that in the case of the Kingdom of Hungary of the 16th – 18th centuries, the migration was oriented in spheres that have exhibited radically different religious tradition or structure: concurrently, a confrontation with foreign – non‐Christian religion (Islam) could happen, it could also be a process of colonization of desolate areas and building of religious infrastructure on „green meadow“ or integration of coming group into the environment with more church societies that work together or vice versa – they are competitive. As an immediate impulse could work phenomena such as forced leaving from home, banishing or more precisely expulsion, escape from religious persecution or voluntary movement into areas where the impact of any restriction actions, whether from the side of nobility or own denomination, was not expected. If the confessional motive was significant factor in deciding on the side of persons interested in migration, maintaining conditions for promised way of religion performance stayed in hands of landlords who organised colonization of areas. Before the stabilization of local government promised conditions were kept without any problems. However, after 1731 Recatholisation trend has spread. It corresponded to the principle of restriction of non‐Catholic religions performances and observance of generally laws in force and orders in those areas (regions) that were initially (by the laws passed in 1681 at a diet in Sopron) out of their reach. This trend was also commensurate with the way how organisational structures of state power and noble self–government were consolidated in freed areas: their crowding and intensification has brought the restriction of original privileges, unification of government, management and control.
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...TÍTO MALOMEŠŤANIA NA NIEČO TAKÉ EŠTE NEDORÁSTLI... KASÍNA V MODRE - NEZNÁMA SÚČASŤ KASÍNOVÉHO HNUTIA A PROCESU „NÁRODNÉHO PREBÚDZANIA“

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Kowalská E.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 1
23 – 32
EN
The casino movement in the Kingdom of Hungary also found a response in Modra, which belonged to the category of smaller towns. It is a previously unknown development, not mentioned in the comprehensive study of the casino movement. The author’s analysis is based on hitherto unknown documents. She clarifies the process of establishment of a town casino, analyses the leadership of the club and its relationship to the Slovak casino. The latter originated on an ethnic basis and came into a long-term conflict with the town casino. Both casinos became venues for cultivated social life, differentiation of political positions in a revolutionary period and a form of national representation.
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