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Srovnatelnost Schwartzovy hodnotové škály v mezinárodních datech

100%
Anýžová P.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2014
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vol. 50
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issue 4
EN
The first part of this article looks at the comparability of the crosscountry PVQ scale tested on the basis of the Sixth Round of the European Social Survey. To test comparability, the classic 21-item tool is used to measure ten different types of value orientation. These value types are based on Schwartz’s original basic human values theory. In order to test equivalence, a multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was used. The results of the analyses show that the configural and metric equivalences of all seven value types are valid in only 10 out of 23 countries. However, even in those 10 countries, it is impossible to fully rely on scalar equivalence. For more detail, in many countries it is possible to carry out valid comparisons of relations and value types, as well as of other value attitudes or socio-demographic indicators. However, it is not possible to compare national averages of the seven value types. The article then demonstrates that the seven value types are longitudinally comparable across every round of the ESS in the Czech Republic. The second part of the article points out some of the problems in the Czech Republic with the PVQ comparison between different social groups delineated by gender, age, and education. While the averages of the seven value types can be sometimes compared in all groups (male, female), in some cases it is necessary either to amalgamate the groups or to decrease their quantity (age groups, education levels of groups).
2
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Ekvivalence položek v mezinárodních datech: základní vymezení a možnosti analýzy

100%
Anýžová P.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2013
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vol. 7
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issue 1
29-56
EN
This article argues that the concept of equivalence is one of the most important methodological aspects of valid and reliable measurement in cross-national survey research. The important topic of survey measure equivalence has not been systematically in Czech social science publications to date and this article hopes to address this gap in the literature. Consequently, the two main goals of this article are (1) to acquaint the reader with techniques that are used to find questions that are interpreted in the same way across countries before data collection and (2) to describe the testing and evaluation of measurement indicators’ equivalence or comparability after data collection. This study presents cognitive approaches to “good” question wording practices, best translation practices and the application of both ‘emic’ (culture specific) and ‘etic’ (culture universal) approaches to survey question design. After data collection a range of statistic techniques are usually employed ranging from basic statistics such as the mean to advanced approaches such as multi-group structural equation modelling, multilevel modelling, latent class modelling and Item Response Theory). This article describes some of these techniques in the context of measurement equivalence and its associated research literature.
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ROLE LIDSKÉHO KAPITÁLU V ÚSPĚCHU NA TRHU PRÁCE: SROVNÁNÍ ŠESTI EVROPSKÝCH ZEMÍ PARTICIPUJÍCÍCH NA PROJEKTU PIAAC

63%
Matějů P., Anýžová P.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2015
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vol. 47
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issue 1
31 – 65
EN
The main objective of the paper is to examine the role of measured competencies in the labour market outcomes in two groups of European nations (the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland on the one hand, and Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium on the other) that differ not only in their long term historical development, but also in their current orientation toward innovations, labour market flexibility, the openness of tertiary education and gender equality. The results of structural modelling based on data from the PIAAC (adult competencies) project of the OECD provide strong evidence for the hypothesis that the direct positive effect of competencies on labour market outcomes (namely on wages) are stronger in innovation-oriented countries, while the transitive (Central European) countries exhibit a stronger tendency towards factors typical for a “credential society” (characterised by the stronger role of formal education and larger wage gender gaps).
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