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EN
On 1 June 2008 the Institute of Sociology was established within the Faculty of Humanities of the Bialystok University (since 1999 -Historical and Sociological Faculty). Teaching of sociology at the university level started from the academic year 1998/1999. Since then (till 2008) 556 students were gradated with masters degrees. The Institute employs at present (October 2008) 48 staff members; 5 of them have a title of professor, 8 - habilitated doctor degree, and 18 - doctor degree. Since 2007 the Historical and Sociological Faculty has the right to award degrees of doctor of humanities in the discipline of sociology
EN
In this article I will try to answer the question of what factors cause the formation of a new order on the borderlands of the changing social conditions and geopolitical, and they cause tensions and conflicts? I assume that the closer to understanding and explanation of the complexity of socio-cultural and political borderlands focused on Central and Eastern Europe need to take into account at least five macro-processes, which frequently overlap forming a particularly tight and often explosive system conditions. These are the processes of urbanization, modernization, nationalization (nation-building), civilization (“esternization”, “universalization”) and the expected implementation processes of social advancement. They were briefly presented with regard to the real order of their occurrence in practice. In conclusion, I emphasize the low intensity of the processes of a transcultural on the borderlands of Central and Eastern Europe.
EN
The author proposes establishing a new sociological subdiscipline which would focus on systematic research of the phenomenon of multiculturalism. According to the author, the sociology of multiculturalism is a subdiscipline of sociology which deals with the processes of creation, functioning and transformations of culturally diverse societies. The article includes a proposition and an interpretation of three basic notions for the research of multiculturalism (cultural diversity, cultural pluralism, multiculturalism), and three types of societies under construction (culturally diverse society, pluralistic society, multicultural society).
EN
In this article I will try to bring the answer to the question whether Europe sooner or later become a multicultural society or societies. I distinguish the following stages of development of the society in terms of democratic: culturally diverse, pluralistic and multicultural. I assume that so far Europe is not a multicultural society, but pluralistic. On the basis of the indicators included in the definition of multiculturalism answer to the question of what conditions should be met to become a multicultural Europe. In conclusion, it is my position that Europe will reach a new form of a multicultural society constructed on the ground of national states and culturally diverse societies.
PL
W referacie autor próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaka jest rola (znaczenie) wielokulturowości jako realnego czynnika zróżnicowanego i inteligentnego rozwoju Polski. Natomiast wielokulturowość jest formą odpowiedzi na inne pytanie, jaka jest i na czym ma polegać demokracja w sferze kulturowej. Najogólniej wpływ wielokulturowości na zrównoważony i inteligentny rozwój Polski wiąże się z oczekiwanym jej wpływem na kształtowanie się nowego ładu społeczno-kulturowego w społeczeństwie. Generalnie wielokulturowość sprzyja integracji społeczeństwa zróżnicowanego kulturowo. Służy nowym formom pożądanej spójności społecznej jako koniecznego czynnika wzrostu gospodarczego i społecznego rozwoju w warunkach ponowoczesnej gospodarki. Usuwa ze stosunków międzyludzkich różne formy predestynacji kulturowej, dowartościowuje kultury mniejszościowe, co powoduje ich włączanie, a więc umacnia przez to siłę ekonomiczną społeczeństwa. Stwarza lepsze warunki do wykorzystania zróżnicowanego kulturowo kapitału: ludzkiego, społecznego i kulturowego. W przekonaniu autora, obecnie Polska znajduje się na etapie rozwiązywania wielu dylematów związanych z ewentualnym wyborem scenariusza rozwoju w kierunku społeczeństwa wielokulturowego.
EN
The paper addresses the problem of the significance of multiculturalism as a real factor behind sustainable and smart growth of Poland. Multiculturalism is an answer to the question of what the role democracy in the cultural sphere actually consists in. Generally, the impact of multiculturalism on sustainable and smart development Poland is associated with its expected influence on the formation of a new social and cultural order in society. Multiculturalism tends to promote integration of culturally diverse societies. It creates new forms of desired social cohesion as a necessary factor of economic growth and social development in conditions of a postmodern economy. It removes various forms of cultural predestination, recognises the value of minority cultures, which results in their inclusion, thus strengthening the economic power of society. Moreover, multiculturalism creates better conditions for the use of culturally diverse human, social, and cultural capital. According to the author, Poland is currently solving many dilemmas related to its possible development into a multicultural society.
EN
The article concerns a particularly critical review of new threats of construction of a multicultural society. It was prepared by observation and study of transformations in societies Central and Eastern Europe. The article consists of three parts, which in turn has been presented the position of the author in the field of multicultural society, old previously raised the threat of multicultural society and six new more visible as a result of mass immigration to Europe. They are, in order: combining multiculturalism with liberal, leftist movements and activity of national minorities, ethnic nation-state as a real threat of multicultural society, low relevance of the cultural diversity of societies, binding multiculturalism with limiting citizens’ safety, treatment of multicultural society as a form of maintaining separatism cultural groups and fundamentalist ideologies.
EN
In the article the author analyzes the complex configurations that occurred in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe between the languages of communication there and the languages of particular ethnic groups. It further tries to answer the question of how to define communities defined as national but distinguishable by the use of another language that does not fall within the cultural code of the language of a given nation. The author analyzes the specific political game that takes place around linguistic minorities, which are generally not defined as ethnic minorities, mainly on the example of “Russian-linguistic Ukrainians” in Ukraine. The comparison of the characteristics of selected national minorities inhabiting the eastern part of the Podlaskie Voivodship in Poland is also presented. The article ends with the generalization that the basic direction of action is the legal, political and socio-cultural recognition of cultural diversity as an integral part of the structural character of each society.
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