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EN
The new document of the Pontifical Biblical Commission „The Inspiration and Truth of Sacred Scripture” elaborates on the truth in the Bible, also in the context of historical problems that emerge form biblical text. The consensus of modern historians and archaeologists is moving towards separating biblical history and history as a science. In this article I present contemporary discussion on this issue, then I ask, how the document of Pontifical Biblical Commission treats this issue. At the end I suggest directions for further work of biblical scholars.
PL
Nowy dokument Papieskiej Komisji Biblijnej pt. Natchnienie i prawda Pisma Świętego rozwija temat prawdy w Biblii także w kontekście problemów historycznych, jakie rodzą teksty biblijne. Konsensus współczesnych nauk historycznych i archeologicznych zmierza w kierunku separowania historii biblijnej od historii jako nauki. W artykule przedstawiam stan współczesnej dyskusji na ten temat, a następnie pytam, jak dokument Papieskiej Komisji Biblijnej traktuje omawiane zagadnienie. Na końcu proponuję kierunki dalszych prac, by owocny dialog biblistów i historyków pomagał coraz lepiej zrozumieć istotę i sens słowa Bożego jaśniejącego w Piśmie Świętym.
EN
In all polish translations of Ez 34, 16 there appears a statement about God’s „watching over” (šmr) of fat and strong sheep. This rendering derives not from masoretic text but from tradition (LXX, Vulgate, Jakub Wujek Bible). But is this rendering justified? This article attempts to convince that we should stay with hebrew šmd (“to destroy”).
EN
Masorah (oral and written tradition of transmitting the Bible text) is an important library of information about Sacred Scripture on the stage of its formation. It provides informations without which it is difficult and sometimes impossible to read or interpret correctly the biblical text. One of the barriers involved studying the Masorah of the Hebrew Bible is the lack od introductory literature on the subject, especially on the field of polish language. Here we can not find any comprehensive and useful study for the Masorah, including exercises and examples how to read and take advantage of Masorah. Since the system of Masoretic notes is very carefully printed in Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, and even more in Biblia Hebraica Quinta, we require such a study of masoretic notes’ system in Polish biblical studies. This article is an announcement of such an elaboration.
PL
Masora, system oznaczeń w i wokół tekstu biblijnego Starego Testamentu, to istna biblioteka informacji o tekście hebrajskim Biblii na etapie jego definitywnego ustalania. Podaje informacje, bez których trudne, a czasem niemożliwe staje się poprawne jego odczytanie czy zinterpretowanie. Jedną z barier w studiowaniu masory Biblii hebrajskiej jest brak literatury wprowadzającej w jej tematykę, zwłaszcza na gruncie języka polskiego. W opracowaniach polskojęzycznych nie znajdziemy żadnego szerszego wprowadzenia w studiowanie not masoreckich. Od kiedy system masory jest pieczołowicie zamieszczany w Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia czy Biblia Hebraica Quinta, tym pilniejszą wydaje się potrzeba gruntowego wprowadzenia do tematyki masory. Niech ten artykuł będzie zapowiedzią takiego opracowania.
EN
The article explicates the symbolic information in the biblical divisionof animals between clean and unclean (Lev 11 and Dt 14). This is the thirdarticle in the series. In the first article on the subject of unclean animalsin the Bible, I dealt with the discussion of legislation in this field. In the second article I presented and analyzed the exegetes’ previous interpretations regarding the division of animals in the Bible. Because they proved to be unsatisfactory to me, in this part I proposed my own hypothesis: the exclusion of unclean animals is regulated by the Priestly (P) theology of creation and the rules of the universe created by God contained in Gen 1.
Collectanea Theologica
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2018
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vol. 88
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issue 1
91-139
EN
The aim of the article is to show some areas where the results of exegesisand biblical theology should be confronted with the latest discoveries ofscience on the world, nature, evolution, the human being, the brain, free will,psychology and morality. The author compares, shows difficulties arisingfrom, and attempts to reconcile Christian anthropology with the image ofman that emerges from well-established scientific truths. This paper is anintroduction and an invitation to a discussion on this topic.
EN
In 1940 the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalist (OUN) split into two (mutually) hostile factions, one headed by Stepan Bandera that came to be known as OUN-B and the other by Andriy Melnyk (OUN-M). The competition between them intensified after Germans had invaded the USSR on 22nd of June 1941. Following a shift in the German ethnic policy and increasing repressiveness towards the Ukrainians, both factions began to create their own military structures. In 1943, probably, the executives of the OUN-B decided to subordinate the military units of the OUN-M. In July 1943 the guerrilla squads of the OUN-M were forced to join the Banderites’ Ukrainian Partisan Army (UPA). Some of the Melnyk’s soldiers who evaded it asked the Third Reich for support. As a result of negotiations the Ukrainian Self-Defence Legion (ULS), also called the 31st SIPO Auxiliary Battalion was formed. To be precise, it was created in early autumn 1943 under an agreement between the SD in Luck and the local command of OUN-M. At the beginning the ULS was to fight Soviet guerillas and Polish self-defence units. However, it was soon converted into a kind a police unit, which was often used for pacification. At the beginning of 1944 the ULS was developed into an independent battalion. In the middle of 1944 it consisted of 5 front-line sotnyas (companies). The Legion was closely related to the OUN-M although the Germans replaced the fallen officers mainly with Petlura’s soldiers. The ULS had its own political command, but as time passed, its influence on the soldiers was more and more limited by the SD officers, who served in the squad. The military command of the unit was Ukrainian but, at the same time, the commander-in-chief was German (it was strictly subordinated to the German commander-in-chief). At first the ULS fought against the Soviet partisan and the Polish 27th Infantry Division of Home Army (AK) in Volhynia, for the next half a year it was garrisoned in the region of Hrubieshov, where it struggled with the Bataliony ChΠopskie and AK units and pacified Polish villages. In the end of July 1944 it was redeployed to the north of Cracov, where it also participated in military actions against the civilian population and the Polish underground movement. In September 1944 the group of Col. Diaczenko suppressed the Warsaw Uprising and secured the area of the Kampinos forest. At the beginning of 1945 the battalion appeared in Slovakia and was next moved to Slovenia to fight against the Tito’s partisans. Growing dissatisfaction caused by German reluctance to fight for Ukraine led some of the legionaries (soldiers) to desertion. After having been incorporated to the 14th Grenadier Division of the Waffen SS, the ULS’s combat story finished.
The Biblical Annals
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2020
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vol. 10
|
issue 4
739-743
PL
Book Review: Księga Rodzaju. Przełożył i opracował Marek Piela (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka 2020)
The Biblical Annals
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2021
|
vol. 11
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issue 1
141-147
PL
Book Review: Hilary Lipka – Bruce Wells (eds.), Sexuality and Law in the Torah (Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies 675; London: Clark 2020). 
The Biblical Annals
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2017
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vol. 7
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issue 1
181-184
PL
Book review: Tomasz Niemas, Perspektywa eschatologiczna proegzystencji wierzących w przekazie Pisma Świętego (Bibliotheca Biblica; Wrocław: TUM Wydawnictwo Wrocławskiej Księgarni Archidiecezjalnej, 2016). Ss. 219. PLN 39,50. ISBN 978-83-7454-302-6.
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Polish Digital Nomads

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PL
Cyfrowy nomadyzm stanowi odzwierciedlenie nowego stylu życia młodych ludzi, którzy pracują zdalnie. Mogą więc nieustannie podążać za przygodą i rozwijać swoje pasje. Głównym celem badawczym jest poznanie determinant wyboru takiego stylu życia przez Polaków. Obiektem badań są cyfrowi nomadzi polskiego pochodzenia. Zastosowano metodę analizy literatury oraz wywiadu pogłębionego na próbie czterdziestu respondentów. Badanie wykazało, że polscy cyfrowi nomadzi nie utożsamiają się z większą społecznością, ponieważ spotykają się z niezrozumieniem i nie ufają osobom poznanym w trakcie podróży. Typowy cyfrowy nomad pracuje zdalnie w branży IT, marketingu lub edukacji. Jest osobą młodą, szukającą przygód w trakcie podróży, nieprzywiązującą większej wagi do warunków mieszkaniowych. Cechami charakterystycznymi są również minimalizm i niechęć do zakładania rodzin. Do głównych determinant wyboru koczowniczego trybu życia należy przede wszystkim nieusatysfakcjonowanie warunkami życia panującymi w Polsce oraz chęć dokonania zmian.
EN
Digital nomadism reflects the new trend among young people who work remotely so they can follow their passions and travel. The main research goal was to find out the determinant of the choice of such a lifestyle by Poles. The subject of the research were digital nomads of Polish descent. The method of literature analysis and in-depth interviews on a sample of 40 respondents was used. The study showed that Polish digital nomads do not identify with a larger community as they face misunderstanding and distrust the help of those they meet during their travels. A typical digital nomad works in the IT, marketing or education industry, is a young person looking for adventure while travelling, and not paying much attention to housing conditions. Characteristic features are also minimalism and a reluctance to start a family. The main determinants of the choice of a nomadic lifestyle include, first of all, the dissatisfaction with the living conditions in Poland, and the willingness to change. These changes have enabled the emergence of a phenomenon known as digital nomadism. The aim of this article was to create a digital profile of a nomad of Polish origin. The following research questions were asked:
Verbum Vitae
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2021
|
vol. 39
|
issue 4
1311-1334
EN
The term “Rewritten Bible” was introduced by Géza Vermes in 1961 to describe works from late Second Temple period that “retell” or “rewrite” Scriptures with characteristic changes. Since then, much has been written about this category of texts. Today some researchers are tired of discussing this concept, suggesting even a move away from the notion. Others, on the contrary, apply it to an increasing number of texts, including even works lying outside the specific context of late Second Temple Jewish literature. This article discusses the phenomenon of the “Rewritten Bible” (RewB) and takes up a polemic with certain approaches to the category, concerning terminology, scope, and character, as well as indication of the purposes of rewriting activity. The article shows that the category remains useful and important, within certain methodological clarifications.
PL
Recenzja książki: Antoni Tronina, Księga Jubileuszy czyli Mała Genesis. Przekład i opracowanie (Apokryfy Starego Testamentu 4; Kraków – Mogilany: The Enigma Press 2018) Ss. 384, ISBN: 978-83-86110-84-1.
PL
Lista synowskich obowiązków stanowi unikatowy dla literatury starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu passus, w poemacie o Danilu i Aqhacie dodatkowo podkreślony przez jego czterokrotne powtórzenie w bliskim sąsiedztwie. To dlatego lista przyciągała i ciągle przyciąga uwagę badaczy, których interesuje zwłaszcza mądrościowy charakter wykazu synowskich powinności, kult przodków obecny w Ugarit i na starożytnym Wschodzie, rytuał rodzinny i obowiązki dzieci względem rodziców, a także Sitz im Leben listy, uważanej przez niektórych za część większej i zupełnie niezależnej od eposu całości, która to część została włączona do tekstu Aqhata z uwagi luźne skojarzenie z tematyką syna – dziedzica. Jako że dotychczasowe próby translacyjne i interpretacyjne wydają się niewystarczające, w artykule zaproponowano nowy przekład i nową próbę naświetlenia znaczenia i kontekstu tak poszczególnych obowiązków, jak i całej listy.
EN
The list of filial duties from the Aqhatu story constitutes a passage unique to the literature of the ancient Near East, emphasized in the epic by its fourfold repetition in close proximity. This is why the list has attracted much attention of scholars, who are particularly interested in the wisdom nature of the list, the ancestor worship in Ugarit and in the Ancient East, the family ritual and the responsibilities of children towards their parents, as well as the Sitz im Leben of the list, considered by some to be part of a larger and independent work, which has been included in the Aqhatu story because of loose connections with the topic of son and heir. As the current translation and interpretation efforts seem insufficient, the article proposes a new translation and a new attempt to highlight the meaning and the context of both individual duties and the entire list.
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