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NIEKOĽKO SÚVISLOSTÍ POZEMKOVEJ REFORMY A ŠTRUKTÚRY SPOLOČNOSTI NA JUŽNOM ZADUNAJSKU (1945 - 1949)

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Tóth Á.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

2009

vol. 12

issue 1

After the Second World War the social and political elite rightly attempted to change the outdated social structure of Hungary. Naturally, this change sought to strengthen the new elite's power position, but these efforts, when assessed from historical perspective, were to be seen as a contribution to a more effective and balanced society. The execution of the land reform and settlements significantly influenced the nationality composition of this region. The only significant minority of the country became the German minority amounting to 475 491 people. This process reached its peak after the Second World War in which the affected settlements were put under openly frightening pressure. At the census in 1949 ninety-eight percent of the population considered itself as Hungarian in terms of nationality and mother language This study states that the expulsion of Germans from Hungary - together with other similar inhuman processes - did not achieve the assumed more effective and more balanced social relationships. The national principle was not declared and not legally formalised during this process in Hungary, unlike the AVNOJ decisions in Yugoslavia, but in practice it was applied as necessary. The stirring of anti-German feelings did not reach extreme levels, but the press allowed and enabled such rhetoric in order to make the arrangements seemly acceptable. The national homogenizing process that began after the First World War in Hungary reached its peak after the Second World War. As consequence of the execution of settlements the country became practically uni-national. As the forced economic, political and cultural restructuralisation of the society continued, as a part of the Sovietisation process, the process of loosing identity among national minorities, including German minority, was deemed to be irreversible. However, after 1990 the revitalisation processes show that Germans in Hungary, similarly as other groups, even after the impact of the general policy of the assimilation pressure did not disappear and did not loose their self-identity.

Spatialisation littéraire et picturale, une interaction artistique dans la poésie de Maurice Carême

100%

Tóth Á.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

2015

vol. Special Issue: Le monde de la litérrature

42-52

Maurice Carême (1899–1978) was a Belgian francophone poet who was in contact with a great number of painters through correspondence, either as a friend or for professional reasons. Among these artists were Henri-Victor Wolvens, Marcel Delmotte and Felix De Boeck. Besides the illustrations that they made in order to decorate Carême’s books of poetry, their exchange and their complicity were also of a great importance, being a sort of artistic interaction between fine arts and poetry. The common sources of painting and poetry are the following : the power to watch and to stabilise the image and the capacity to show the image itself and the relations that connect the images. The reader of Carême’s books is confronted to a composition of texts and images. The book made of poems and drawings becomes a space which is textual and also visual, a space which is literary and pictorial at the same time. The layout evokes an experience which is simoultaneously verbal and visual, relating to a fusion between several ways of expression, where the interference between image and text exceeds largely the books of poems in question.

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1 Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

1 Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

1 2015

1 2009

2 Tóth Á.

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NIEKOĽKO SÚVISLOSTÍ POZEMKOVEJ REFORMY A ŠTRUKTÚRY SPOLOČNOSTI NA JUŽNOM ZADUNAJSKU (1945 - 1949)

Spatialisation littéraire et picturale, une interaction artistique dans la poésie de Maurice Carême