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EN
Every war is not only the fight of the armies but also a war of the ideologies. One of the forms of the ideological war is propaganda posters. Over forty posters presented and analyzed in this article come from the Polish-Soviet war in 1919-1921. The research work is based on grounded theory procedures adopted for visual data analyses. Particularly useful was a method of coding families worked out by Barney Glaser and modified to the visual data analysis by Krzysztof Konecki. The author reconstructed several basic motifs, formal solutions, and communication strategies (i.e., continuity and continuation versus avant-garde and revolution, image of the enemy and “one’s own” imagination, strategic conversion) used by artists-ideologists from both sides of the conflict.
EN
The article presents the author's attempt to define a particular kind of people who realize various types of interests with a strong commitment - the 'hobbyists'. Primarily open to scrutiny, is how the typical patterns of their careers are being constructed. Moreover, both the significant others' negative reactions to hobbyists' activity, and the reasons of why they act in a certain way are elucidated. Hobbyists' strategies and actions undertaken in order to defend against 'deviants' stigmatization', and their struggle for a status of being 'normal' are presented in (ewentualnie the further parts of) this article. The 'revealed' (lub reconstructed) strategies are: Professionalization of hobbyist's passion; 'Factual' denial of stereotypical view; Dividing 'normal' hobbyists from 'deviant' ones, Underlining one's exceptionality (dramatization) in order to gain the acceptance; Using humor and sarcasm; Distancing from the one's social world.
EN
Poetic expressions may seem somewhat removed from a pragmatist social science, but the history of the development of Western civilization is such that the (knowingly) fictionalized renderings of human life-worlds that were developed in the classical Greek era (c. 700-300 BCE) appear to have contributed consequentially to a scholarly emphasis on the ways in which people engage the world. Clearly, poetic writings constitute but one aspect of early Greek thought and are best appreciated within the context of other developments in that era, most notably those taking shape in the realms of philosophy, religion, rhetoric, politics, history, and education. These poetic materials (a) attest to views of the human condition that are central to a pragmatist philosophy (and social science) and (b) represent the foundational basis for subsequent developments in literary criticism (including theory and methods pertaining to the representation of human enacted realities in dramaturgical presentations). Thus, while not reducing social theory to poetic representation, this statement considers the relevance of early Greek poetics for the development of social theory pertaining to humanly enacted realities.
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