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1

COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND COHESION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU BUDGET'S REVISION

100%
Hardt L.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2008
|
issue 4(141)
47-65
EN
Activities connected with the development of rural areas are conducted both within the so-called Second pillar of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and within programmes financed from the cohesion policy fund. The question of selection of the method of implementation of the rural development policy becomes particularly important in the present situation of discussions on changes in CAP. These discussions are stimulated both by internal factors (revision of the EU budget and CAP's health check) and external factors (WTO negotiations and changes on the global food market). All these factors have been thoroughly analysed in this article. The resulting conclusion is that the revision of the EU budget, which relates both to CAP and to the cohesion policy, may prove to be the most important catalyst of changes in the manner of implementation of the rural development policy. The article describes the key dilemmas connected with the selection of methods for the introduction of solutions linked to the policy of rural development. The author of the article claims that because of the low mobility of production factors in Poland it could prove advantageous to shift much of the burden of implementation of the rural development policy onto the cohesion policy. He also presents arguments to prove that an increase in the EU funds allocated to rural development via the cohesion policy, introduced at the expense of means flowing into the rural areas via the Second pillar of CAP may reduce the risk of a decrease in the transfer of EU funds to Poland's rural areas after 2013. The author of the article also proposes an institutional mechanism for the implementation of rural development policy that would be less dependent on CAP's Second pillar.
2

TRANSACTION COST ECONOMICS AS A THREE DIMENSIONAL EXTERNALLY DRIVEN RESEARCH PROGRAM

100%
Hardt L.
Studia Ekonomiczne (Economic Studies)
|
2006
|
issue 1-2(48-49)
7-31
EN
Transaction cost economics (TCE) is a multidimensional research program which takes its origin from contributions made by Hicks (1935), Coase (1937), Alchian and Demsetz (1972). Therefore, TCE can be divided into three complementary domains: exchange branch, governance branch and measurement branch. The first one deals with the costs of making transactions (e.g., broker's fee). The second one focuses on the impact of transactions' characteristics on the mode of governing them. The last one is twofold. First, it is concerned with measuring inputs productivity and assuring a close correspondence between inputs and rewards in team production. Second, it deals with the costs of measuring attributes of the good and their impact on the choice of contractual form. It is argued that the development of TCE can be understood as the continuous process of the operationalization of the ideas developed by the above-mentioned authors. Furthermore, it is shown that TCE is an externally driven research program, namely that is driven by observed facts. The reflection on the research perspectives of TCE finishes the article.
3

INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINANTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN POLAND

100%
Hardt L.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2004
|
issue 3(124)
116-131
EN
The article represents an attempt at identifying institutional barriers to the implementation of the Plan for the Development of Rural Areas. The author starts his analysis with a general description of the situation of Poland's rural areas and the role of human and social capital in their development. He claims that the sustainable development of rural areas is possible only when investments in infrastructure are accompanied by substantial investments in human and social resources, which are absent at present. Since it is assumed that the Plan for the Development of Rural Areas is an excellent instrument serving the development of the rural community the author also thinks it essential to determine the Plan's chances for implementation. The author applies analytical tools of the New Institutional Economy since efficient institutions - understood as the rules of the game, will probably be decisive for the degree of absorption of means available under the Plan. He also uses the results of a sociological survey of potential beneficiaries of the Plan's implementation, which was conducted for the Office of the Commissioner for European Integration by the Agency for Market Studies 'Opinia' in December 2003. The author divides the potential barriers to the use of means envisaged by the Plan into administrative (formal) barriers and mental (informal) barriers. The most serious formal barrier is the inefficient agricultural advisory system, whereas the most serious informal barriers are: the farmers' reluctance to form associations, their lack of initiative and creativity, and lack of confidence in their own abilities. In the conclusion of the article the author presents suggestions concerning actions that are necessary to ensure fuller utilisation of funds available under the Plan for the Development of Rural Areas.
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