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SPECIFICITY, IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTION OF BONE AND ANTLER IMPLEMENTS IN MAGDALENIAN CULTURE AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE WILCZYCE 10 SITE IN SANDOMIERZ DISTRICT (Polish title - below)

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Boron T.

Archeologia Polski

2009

vol. 54

issue 2

189-207

(Title in Polish - 'Specyfika, znaczenie i funkcja wytworów koscianych i rogowych w kulturze magdalenskiej na przykladzie stanowiska Wilczyce 10, pow. Sandomierz'). The Wilczyce site in southern Poland was discovered during a field survey conducted in 1994 as part of the Archaeological Map of Poland. Regular excavations carried out from 1998, first by Dr. Jan Fiedorczuk and after his death by Prof. Romuald Schild, have revealed that the products of Magdalenian Culture were distributed within an ice wedge. Of the 147 bone, ivory and antler objects with traces of processing 54 could be recognized as artifacts: 3 figurines, 12 points, 2 intermediary tools, baton, 2 smoothers (lissoirs), chisel, 2 awls, scoop-smoother, 2 handles, 24 needles, plaque and 3 unidentified objects. They were all produced of reindeer antler, mammoth tusk ivory and bone. The most spectacular of all because of their uniqueness were the points and handles . The production process is best exemplified by needles made of horse bone in a technique requiring first splinters to be cut and then sectioned perpendicularly. The two different types of sagaies points and forms with hollowed ventral side called for a different production technique. In the former case, rectangular pieces were sectioned off a halved piece of antler, in the latter, the ventral side was dressed until compact bone was reached, giving an arched cross-section in effect. The bone and antler implements from Wilczyce represent Magdalenian IV, confirming the theory that settlement in central Europe can be related for the most part to the upper and terminal phases of this culture. Figs 9, table 1

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1 Archeologia Polski

1 2009

1 Boron T.

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SPECIFICITY, IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTION OF BONE AND ANTLER IMPLEMENTS IN MAGDALENIAN CULTURE AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE WILCZYCE 10 SITE IN SANDOMIERZ DISTRICT (Polish title - below)