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Za stejnou práci stejná odměna? Genderová rovnost v odměňování v různých kontextech trhu práce

100%
Křížková A., Pospíšilová K.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2023
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vol. 59
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issue 1
31-63
EN
Although international comparisons point to the gender pay gap (GPG) as a significant problem in the Czech labour market, until recently the GPG has not been the subject of deeper research or political attention. Using linked employer–employee data, the article answers the question of whether men and women were paid an equal wage for equal work in 2005–2020 and what part of the total GPG is caused by the segregation of women and men into different occupations, workplaces, and jobs. We also pose these questions separately for the public and private spheres, for selected industries, and for workplaces according to size. Throughout the monitored period, the GPG for equal work is around 10% and another roughly one-half of total GPG is caused by gender segregation. There has been a slight decrease since 2018, especially in workplaces with more than 5000 employees, where, however, the significance of women’s segregation into lower-paid positions is growing. The research confirmed that in more regulated, and therefore more transparent, contexts, such as the public sphere and in large workplaces (but also in small companies with up to 50 employees), the GPG for equal work is smaller than elsewhere. The results point to the need to systematically monitor the GPG and increase the transparency of remuneration systems in the workplace. In connection with the GPG, it will also be necessary to analyse the organisational processes that lead to women’s segregation into occupations, workplaces, and jobs that have lower wages, as well as the growing precarity of the Czech labour market.
2
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Zvýšené nároky péče o děti v době pandemie covidu-19: péče jako břemeno, nebo příležitost?

100%
Dudová R., Křížková A.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2022
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vol. 58
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issue 4
401-426
EN
The article focuses on how parents of school and younger children experienced school closures associated with the Covid-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic. Using an intersectional approach in qualitative research, we examine how parents coped with the increased demands of childcare and how their perception of childcare changed during the pandemic. More generally, we ask whether the pandemic situation was an opportunity for greater recognition and valuation of care. We present an analysis of serial qualitative interviews with 32 solo mothers and 19 parents living in couples that were conducted between the spring of 2020 and the summer of 2021. Parents had a both positive and negative experience of care during the Covid-19 pandemic. The first school closure in the spring of 2020 was perceived as a rather positive opportunity to step outside the course of everyday life. However, as the pandemic continued, the long-term negative effects that the increased care duties during lockdown had on people and especially mothers became apparent: a worsening labour market position, a deteriorating economic situation, and an increasing dependence of women on male breadwinners or on the social support system. The pandemic highlighted the paradox of reproductive work in late capitalism and showed how childcare has no market value in itself. Although in the first period of the pandemic parents experienced care to some extent as an opportunity, a source of meaning, and a rediscovered value, overall the pandemic did not lead to a greater recognition or valuation of care in society.
3
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Propojování genderového výzkumu a tvorby politik : Zpráva z AtGender Spring Conference 2017

81%
Pospíšilová K., Hašková H., Křížková A.
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research
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2018
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vol. 19
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issue 1
149-151
4
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Intersekcionální přístup ke zkoumání nezaměstnanosti

81%
Hašková H., Křížková A., Pospíšilová K.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2018
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vol. 54
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issue 2
171-197
EN
This article critically evaluates the use of an intergroup intersectional perspective in quantitative research on social inequalities and thereby helps to obtain deeper knowledge of the sources of inequality that impact chances of unemployment in the Czech Republic and contribute to the discussion of the benefits and limitations of using this approach. The advantage offered by the intersectional perspective is illustrated in an analysis of EU-SILC data. The analysis combines an additive and multiplicative (intersectional) approach to research on unemployment in the Czech Republic. An additive model of binary logistic regression is accompanied by binary logistic regression models with interactions. The aim is to identify the factors and the social positions that result from the interaction of these factors that together influence chances of unemployment. The analysis shows that one source of inequality in interaction with other sources can have an entirely different impact on chances of unemployment than individual factors have on their own. An example is the interaction of gender and parenthood, which creates different social positions for different subpopulations. Motherhood, fatherhood, and the absence of the need to care for a young child can generate specific (dis)advantages for women or men also depending on the nature of their employment.
5
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Zdravotní znevýhodnění, gender a vzdělání na trhu práce v intersekcionální perspektivě

81%
Křížková A., Hašková H., Pospíšilová K.
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research
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2018
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vol. 19
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issue 2
102-134
EN
The complex nature of the social position of people with disabilities in the Czech labour market is under-researched. Intersectionality is a useful perspective that stresses the socio-contextual, as opposed to the individualist, nature of disability. It explores the dynamics of the interactions between the systems of inequality that create diverse barriers and opportunities in access to employment and to good working conditions for people with disabilities. Using an intersectional perspective, binary logistic regression, and a thematic analysis of interviews with men and women with disabilities and interviews with people working in organisations that support people with disabilities, we set out to answer the following questions: (1) Are people who assess their health as worse more at risk of potentially precarious work than people who assess their health as better, and what other factors contribute to this? (2) How is the risk of precarious work perceived by people with disabilities and how is their experience shaped by various sources of disadvantage? Intergroup intersectional analysis shed light on the systems of inequality and the interactions between them that leave disabled persons more vulnerable to contractual precarity. Intragroup intersectional analysis helped provide a contextual understanding of how gender and education together structure the access of people with disabilities to decent and secure employment, focusing on access to paid work and contractual conditions and remuneration.
6
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Podnikání matek malých dětí jako prekérní typ zaměstnání? Srovnání zkušeností podnikatelek s malými dětmi původem z ČR a z Ukrajiny

81%
Marková Volejníčková R., Švarcová M., Křížková A., Formánková L.
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research
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2019
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vol. 20
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issue 2
124-153
EN
Entrepreneurship may be associated with independence and profi t, but it may also be a precarious type of employment. Self-employment is often a strategy for those groups of workers who face marginalisation and disadvantages on the labour market, such as mothers of young children or migrants. In this paper we use an intersectional approach and draw on the theory of precarity to analyse how Czech and Ukrainian entrepreneurs with small children (in the Czech Republic) describe and perceive precarity in self-employment. Our analysis shows that entrepreneurship is a form of precarious work, especially for mothers of young children. Their social position, which forms on the intersection of gender, caring commitments, and/or migration status, serves to constrain or allow certain career choices. While the main source of disadvantage for Czech entrepreneurs is the intersection of gender and caring commitments (e.g. in work-life balance), the social position of Ukrainian entrepreneurs (in the Czech Republic) is much more precarious because of their status as migrants (e.g. their low income from business is further reduced by the cost of private insurance, the paying of remittances, or the repayment of debts for migrating to the Czech Republic).
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Genderové nerovnosti ve společném podnikání partnerů v České a Slovenské republice:

81%
Pospíšilová M., Jurik N., Křížková A., Cavender G.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue 5
571-598
EN
Research on women’s entrepreneurship often fails to uncover the gendered way in which women’s roles and responsibilities are portrayed and it neglects the connections between ideas about what roles women play in business and in the family and the social context in which these ideas are embedded. This article focuses on the gender inequalities that are reflected in the construction of men’s and women’s roles and responsibilities in copreneurships (romantic couples in business together) and how those constructions are embedded in societal and the family context. By drawing on qualitative in-depth interviews with copreneurs in Czechia and Slovakia and interviewing each partner separately we are able to analyse how roles are constructed and the justifications given for them as well as identifying how the partners’ constructions of these roles clash. We show how gender inequalities are created and presented as logical and self-evident. By studying copreneurial couples we can examine both their professional and private lives and reveal reveal whether they interact in conflicting or complementary ways. The main contribution of the research is that it provides insight into the seemingly genderneutral constructions of copreneurial roles, and it employs a methodological approach that has the capacity to identify differences and similarities in copreneurs’ viewpoints. The article highlights the ways in which copreneur constructions reflect the unique contexts of Czechia and Slovakia, a region that to now has been largely unexplored.
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