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Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2009
|
vol. 100
|
issue 2
187-196
EN
The article is devoted to critical opinions of 'Golden Freedom' (1929) - a famous historical novel by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka. The story takes place at the beginning of 17th century, mainly in the community of the Arians (the Polish Brethren), who represented a radical wing of the Polish Reformation. As a result, opinions of majority of critics focused on the extent to which the Arian community was depicted faithfully, and whether the picture reflects the then state of research in this matter.
EN
In his article, the author considers complaining as the typical feature of Polish cultural life. He compares the recent situation in Polish culture (i.e. complains about displacement of the classic, paper books by the e-books, Internet and other “new media”) with historical data, concerning i.e. the fear of the displacement of the manuscript by spreading all around invention of printing. According to the author, this fears were false because the manuscript played important role in Polish “underground” of the cultural and political life even in the tweentieth century. Then he refers to the current scientific publications, stating that (despite all recent fears) monographs, dissertations and other humane papers are progressively more and more vast. Unfortunately this vast size does not mix with the accurateness of the data which they contain and with the editorial strictness of these publications. For instance, formal requirements of the publication of the thesis before achieving scientific degree precludes candidates from incorporating critical remarks of the fellow scientists in the final publication. This yields a large number of editorial mistakes and inconsistencies in humane publications. The author prefers coherent, substantive publications, which are free from any factual or editorial mistakes – and that`s his advice for Polish humanists.
EN
The author develops one of the threads of Barbara Skarga's article ('Etyka' 31) on shamelessness. He starts from the statement of a historical changeability of shamelessness, understood as a striking violation of ethical and moral rules, especially concerning the sexual sphere. The article is based on author's studies on the old Polish attitude to sexual anomalies which were not only condemned, but cruelly punished. He describes the changing attitude to sodomy, masturbation, homosexuality and pedophilia
EN
Libertinism, in the sense of disregard for all religious matters by some intellectual groups, did not exist in Poland. In France, the theoretical background for libertinism was provided by the philosophical schools which were opposed to all existing confessions. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth did not know such schools in the 17th century, and, what is more important, no philosophical treatises dealt with libertinism at that time. It seems that one can rather speak of Polish libertines in the 17th century than about Polish libertinism, for the libertine individuals were not in contact with each other and manifested their views by their behaviour or in words, but never in writing. Libertinism was a strictly private affair of these persons, it was a way in which they tried to implement their goals in life. It was not before the Age of Enlightenment that libertinism began to find many supporters in Poland, so that from that time one can speak about the Polish version of this trend.
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