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The article discusses a wide range of adaptations and paraphrases of an unfinished novel by Charles Dickens entitled "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" (1870). These 'variations' can be divided into continuations of the plot of the novel, as well as scholars’ and readers’ investigations into the mysterious disappearance of the eponymous character. These “solutions” started to appear right after Dickens’s sudden death, and they have been published ever since. The article offers a chronological presentation and the discussion of the texts which refer to "The Mystery of Edwin Drood". Some of the theatrical and film adaptations are mentioned. Polish reception of the novel is also given some attention, although the main focus for the author is the way "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" has been appropriated and adapted, and the extent to which it challenged readers’ responses to the novel.
EN
The article is devoted to the problem of idiolect in literary translation on the basis of Charles Dickens’s Christmas story The Cricket on the Hearth (1845) and its six Polish translations. Special attention is given to the character of Tilly Slowboy and the individual features of the language she uses. The article emphasises stylistic and linguistic differences which can be observed in a detailed comparative analysis of Tilly’s idiolect in the Polish translation series.
EN
Edmund Naganowski (1853–1915) wrote dispatches from London for numerous Polish magazines, published in Warsaw, Kraków and Lviv, for nearly twenty five years. The topics of his writings were often the English literary and theatre culture. For some titles, he would send his correspondence in for a year, but for other, select ones, he would do it for over a decade. His long-term cooperation with editorial teams of Biblioteka Warszawska, Przegląd Powszechny, Gazeta Polska (Warsaw) and Gazeta Lwowska illustrates how the aesthetic tastes of British middle class would change over time. Naganowski wrote separate articles about particular writers and texts, but he was primarily interested in the phenomenon of literary mass production and consumption, as well as in the spread of popular culture and the kitsch aesthetic. He described the take-over of the literary and readership market by female British writers, and documented it from a statistical angle. In the eyes of the critic, the end of the nineteenth century in England signified a collapse of societal, moral and aesthetic values.
EN
The rhythm of Victorian family life, described by Dickens, was subordinated to a sense of unfulfilled expectations. Parents and children lives take place in the shadow of death. Each subsequent chapter builds the atmosphere of a fearful waiting for disaster. Death of his wife, and later the death of Dombey’s company successor, is a trauma, with which other family members cope in different ways. Dombey, until he can, plays the role of a heartless statue, and his selfishness hurts a lot of people, including the only character who loved him, i.e. his daughter. Florence is subjected to various tests of fate, until she finally accepts the orphanage and creates a new family system, based on a deep and unconditional love of all its members. Dickens argues that trauma is a painful experience that may soften love. The article draws attention to two of this type of experience in the writer's life that shaped his sensitivity to the social harm of children. The interpretations of Dickens in English highlighted the social role of the theatre of everyday life. They interpreted unilaterally the behaviour of characters as a form of protest against the values of bourgeois life, while spared the psychological issues and the question of love as an optimistic message of the novel. This work is intended to indicate a different direction of analysing the novel. Recalling the findings and theoretical works on trauma (its understanding, describing and research) by Cathy Caruth, Shoshana Felman, and Maja Lis-Turlejska, a dramatic and difficult relationship of the father and daughter in Dickens ’ "Dombey and son" was analysed. Application of the concepts of trauma, and the post-traumatic stress disorder, and so called basic hope will allow to recognise Dombey and Florence as a deeply unhappy, and hurt characters, who are consequently unable to communicate properly their needs and desires.
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