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  1. 224 Studia Psychologica

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1

TEMPERAMENTAL TRAITS AND AUTISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIOUR (Cechy temperamentalne a autystyczna charakterystyka zachowania)

100%
Zmijewska A., Pisula E.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2009
|
vol. 20
51-61
EN
The growing number of cases of autism has caused an increased interest in so-called 'autistic characteristic of behaviour'. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between autistic characteristic of behaviour and temperamental traits included in Regulative Theory of Temperament (Strelau, 1985). Two questionnaires have been used: Autism Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) and FCZ-KT (Strelau and Zawadzki, 1993). The results have shown many correlations between autistic characteristic of behaviour and temperamental traits. Persevaration and emotional reactivity showed positive correlations with autistic characteristic of behaviour, whereas activity, endurance and briskness correlated negatively with this characteristic.
2

Rizikové faktory užívania drog dispievajúcimi

100%
Orosova O., Gajdosova B., Madarasova-Geckova A., van D. J. P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
|
2007
|
vol. 51
|
issue 1
32-47
EN
The study presents the state-of-art of knowledge of risk factors of drug use as a form of risk behaviour in adolescents in individual, interpersonal, and environmental domain (family, school, society). The attention is paid to general deviation syndrome and to the construct of general tendency to drug use. The authors emphasise the need of following the interactions and potentials of changing the risk factors, moderators, and mediators of drug use in adolescents. Recommendations for prevention of drug dependences are formulated.
3

EMPIRICAL APPROACHES TO SPIRITUALITY

100%
Strizenec M.
Studia Psychologica
|
2004
|
vol. 46
|
issue 2
173-177
EN
The basic premise for improving the instruments used in investigating spirituality lies in its definition and particularly its relation to religiosity. Following a concise overview of the scales used thus far, we present the results of a preliminary verification of D.A. MacDonald's ESI scale.
4

MOOD REGULATION AND TEMPERAMENT

100%
Marszal-Wisniewska M., Nowicka M.
Psychological Studies
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2007
|
vol. 45
|
issue 1
63-72
EN
Two studies explored the relationship between temperamental traits and mood regulation. In all samples participants completed two questionnaires: (1) Mood Regulation Scales, and (2) Formal Characteristics of Behaviour - Temperament Inventory. The measures were administered in groups. As predicted, persons of different temperamental traits differ with regard to the use of upward and downward mood regulation. Characteristics of temperament indicating low capability to process stimulation (high emotional reactivity, low endurance, high perseveration) are related with more frequent use of mood deterioration strategies. Characteristics of temperament indicating high capability to process stimulation (high activity) are related with more frequent use of mood improvement strategies. The results confirm predictions about the relationship between temperament and mood regulation strategies. Possible implications for issues of independence of strategies leading to mood improvement or mood deterioration and their psychological status are discussed.
5

TWO ROUTES TO PERSUASION OR JUST ONE ROUTE? CHANGE OF ATTITUDES TOWARD THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTIONS

100%
Ziaja J., Plaskocinski A., Kossowska M.
Psychological Studies
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2007
|
vol. 45
|
issue 3
81-91
EN
Current research on persuasion is dominated by two dual-process theories: the elaboration likelihood model and the heuristic-systematic model. According to them, persuasion can be accomplished via two distinct routes. Lately, there has appeared an alternative approach - the unimodel, which views persuasion phenomena in terms of a single process. The aim of the experiment was an attempt to verify both models. The experimental design included all the variables recognized as important from the perspective of both approaches (involvement, source expertise, source information length, argument quality, argument length, evidence appearance order). The research concerned attitudes toward the European Parliament election and was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, attitudes toward the elections were measured. In the target experiment, the key manipulations were made and the attitudes and the involvement were measured. The analyses showed, that low involvement subjects were influenced by argument strength, when the arguments were easy to elaborate. The results provide a support for the unimodel's notions.
6

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOSTILITY AND MORALITY: AFFECTIVE AND REFLECTIVE BASIS OF BELIEFS

100%
Jarymowicz M.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
|
2006
|
vol. 15
285-304
EN
Part I deals with mechanism of influence of a primary affect (subcortical evaluative reactions to external stimulation) on information processing, evaluative judgments and formation of social beliefs. Affect based aggressive beliefs are connected with a high degree of certainty of one's own moral rights, and as such - are rigid, and resistant to change. Part II rises the problem how possible could be a change of such type of beliefs. An influence of reflective standards of evaluation on automatic affective reactions is discussed.
7

SENSATION SEEKING, ALCOHOL USE AND ALCOHOL OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES

100%
Urban R., Czegledi E., Kovacs K., Kelemen A.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
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vol. 63
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issue 3
499-518
EN
Objectives: The authors examined the associations among alcohol use, alcohol expectancies and sensation seeking. Their main goals were 1. to verify the original factorial structure of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire in a Hungarian adolescent sample; and 2. to test the mediation effects of positive and negative alcohol expectancies between sensation seeking and alcohol use. Method: Research design was a cross-sectional, questionnaire study. Research participants were 428 adolescents (223 boys and 205 girls, mean age=16.9 years SD = 0.66). Measures: Alcohol use questions from ESPAD research, Hungarian version of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire; and Hungarian version of Sensation Seeking Scale - form V (SSS-V). Results: 1. The confirmatory factor analysis verified the original structure of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire in their Hungarian adolescent sample. 2. Positive and negative expectancies partially mediated the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use frequency (50% of the association is explained by the expectancies), and only the positive expectancies mediated partially between sensation seeking and underage problem drinking (22% of the association is explained by the expectancies). Removal of alcohol and drug related items from the sensation seeking scale did not affect the results significantly. Conclusions: The findings raise the importance of both positive and negative alcohol outcome expectancies in explaining the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use.
8

GOALS, PROJECTS, STRIVINGS (PART) II. PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES AND EMPIRICAL DEMONSTRATION (Celok, tervek, torekvesek II. A szemelyes celok es eletcelok kapcsolata - modszertani kerdesek es demonstracio)

100%
Martos T.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 64
|
issue 3
573-592
EN
The second part of the paper demonstrates the methodological aspects of goal measurement: different methods of evaluation and issues of reliability and validity. Personal goal assessment is a multi-stage process, ideal for assessing the content as well as affective and cognitive aspects of personally significant projects and strivings. This process will be demonstrated on the data of a sample of 512 adult S's who participated in a questionnaire study. Two goal assessment methods were compared: autonomous and controlled motivation of personal project pursuit (perceived locus of causality, Sheldon, Elliot, 1999) and importance of intrinsic and extrinsic life goals (Short Aspiration Index). Results indicate both measures' reliability as well as their convergent and divergent validity. From the goals belonging to different levels of abstraction autonomous motivation moderately correlated with importance of intrinsic life goals, whereas controlled motivation moderately correlated with importance of extrinsic life goals. Autonomous and intrinsic character of goals was in positive, whereas controlled and extrinsic character of them was in negative relationship with psychological well-being (satisfaction with life and life meaning). However, in spite of the assumptions, no evidence was found that interaction between autonomous and intrinsic, as well as controlled and extrinsic variables would predict psychological well-being. On the whole, theoretical considerations as well as practical experiences point to the fact that goal assessment may be a useful, reliable and flexible tool for research and praxis as well.
9

FROM EMIGRATION TO REPATRIATION. SECOND GENERATION POLISH EMIGRANTS IN GREAT BRITTAIN AND POLISH REPATRIANTS FROM KAZAKHSTAN

100%
Lewandowska E., Rejmer-Ronowicz Z.
Psychological Studies
|
2006
|
vol. 44
|
issue 1
80-99
EN
Cultural identity of second generation Polish immigrants and repatriates from Kazakhstan is the core issue if the two research projects presented in this paper. Two identity components were measured, after Boski (1992): 1) 'symbol-based', in relation to knowledge and attachment to culturally shared objects; and 2) 'value-based', in relation to prototypical ways of being attributed to a given culture and evaluated within its framework. Identity measures were established in relation to both cultures in which participants have been embedded throughout their lifetimes. Results show that in its symbolic aspect identity with a country where most of life has been lived through, prevails; i.e. with the United Kingdom and Kazakhstan, respectively. In its value-related measure, British-Poles demonstrate a strong Polish component based on distinctive and salient characteristics of parental family home, which were well internalized to become the leading principles of life in their adulthood. With the repatriates, it is high convergence of self with the representation of realistically experienced Polish prototype, which determines life adaptation and satisfaction in the host country. These conditions are met to much higher degree by male than by female repatriates. An idealized image of the ancestral land, which prevails among women has been found dysfunctional for their adaptation.
10

Exploring attitudes towards the performance appraisal system at a Hungarian corporation

100%
Domjan M.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2005
|
vol. 60
|
issue 1/2
157-175
EN
Richter Gedeon chemical works introduced the performance appraisal system (PAS) in 2000. At the time of our survey (in spring, 2001), the appraisal process was taking place at the company for the second time; for this reason, in 2001 we focussed on revealing the factors behind the resistance to the system. Feedback and opinions were obtained from organized discussions in small groups, and based on the issues that emerged, a questionnaire survey was subsequently conducted, which aimed at revealing the attitudes towards the performance appraisal system. This paper presents the conclusions drawn from the theoretical background and practical experiences.
11

SPEAKER RECOGNITION - NEUROLOGICAL BASIS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS

100%
Bohm T. M.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2007
|
vol. 62
|
issue 4
541-563
EN
We are able to recognize our family members and friends solely by their voice. This is possible due to the speaker cues in nonlinguistic information that speech carries simultaneously with the linguistic message. This paper gives a partial review of the human speaker recognition literature in terms of the definitions, the applied methods, and the results. The latest experimental method, fMRI, opened a new avenue in the research of this cognitive process, thus the author focuses on studies employing this technique. He compares their results with those of behavioral studies and highlight their implications for speech technology. He also makes an attempt to summarize the sporadically published psychological models of speaker recognition.
12

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE IMPLICIT AFFECT INFLUENCE - THE ROLE OF COMPLEXITY OF EVALUATION STANDARDS

100%
Szuster A., Karwowska D.
Psychological Studies
|
2007
|
vol. 45
|
issue 4
63-73
EN
The aim of the research was to indicate the importance of the complexity of evaluation standards, in particular: the number and kind of criteria used in task evaluation: non-personal one to limit susceptibility to implicit affect influence. Complexity of standards was measured in two kinds of research: (a)in Research I the complexity was understood as a number of criteria used in the analysis of positive and negative sides of patriotism; (b) in Research II the complexity was determined by the degree of development of non- personal standards. In the both kinds of research the implicit affect was measured by the affective priming paradigm. The results obtained showed that the persons with high evaluation standard complexity are less susceptible to the implicit affect influence. The results also stressed the importance of the reflective evaluation system (which is demonstrated by the tested complexity of evaluation standards) for the increase of independence of the subject's functioning.
13

STRUCTURAL AND PROCESSUAL ASPECTS OF WORKING MEMORY: VERIFICATION OF SOME OF THE PREDICTIONS FORM BADDELEY'S AND COWAN'S MODELS.

100%
Orzechowski J., Balas R.
Psychological Studies
|
2006
|
vol. 44
|
issue 4
41-54
EN
The aim of presented studies was to determine which of the two alternative models of working memory (Baddeley's multiple-system model vs Cowan's single-system model) explains performance in various types of memory search task better. In two experiments the authors deal with the peculiar issue of working memory structure and possible role of activation mechanism in searching working memory contents. Both of them applied modified Sternberg's task in which after memorizing a sequence of elements participants had to judge whether the probe element was, or was not, present in the sequence. In Experiment I participants had to memorize stimuli in either one (verbal or visual) or multiple (verbal and visual) modality. In Experiment II subliminal visual priming was used to manipulate the activation of working memory content.The results of Experiment I suggest single-system coding of stimuli in working memory, whereas Experiment II results support the notion of activation as a working memory search mechanism.
14

TEST ANXIETY, ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND COPING BEHAVIOUR AMONG CANDIDATES ASPIRING FOR THE CIVIL SERVICE

100%
Sud A., Monga D.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2-3
207-213
EN
A total of 100 candidates (equal number of males and females) aspiring for civil services were selected. The result of correlation analysis revealed that test anxiety, worry and emotionality are positively related to self-distraction and behaviour disengagement aspects of problem-focused coping as well as denial, religion, and self-blame aspects of emotion-focused coping. The test anxiety and worry are significantly related to venting, and emotionality alone is positively and significantly related to the use of emotional support aspect of emotion-focused coping and the use of instrumental support aspect of problem-focused coping. Achievement motivation has been found to be significantly and negatively related only to the humor aspect of emotion-focused coping. Relevant discussion has been presented.
15

PURPOSEFUL TRANSTEMPORAL DECISIONS

100%
Zaleski Z.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
|
2006
|
vol. 15
251-260
EN
The author discusses the life long decisions that bear heavy consequences for the person. Most often they are taken at the age when young people set the goals for their career, family and life style. However, it is not possible to predict the future circumstances for goal realization and what is crucial, their evaluation of the goal attainment may change. The author suggests how to persist in personal goals and how to hold evaluating its importance for personal sense of life. Also in conclusion calls on elaborating more adequate theoretical models as frameworks to analyse the complex life long transtemporal decisions.
16

80 YEARS' HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED (1929-2009) (A lelektan tortenetenek 80 eve a szegedi egyetemen - 1929-2009)

100%
Pataki M., Polyak K., Nemeth D., Szokolszky A.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 64
|
issue 4
671-676
EN
Sándor Imre, professor of pedagogy realized in the 1920's the need of a distinct institute for psychology at the University of Szeged. In 1926 he submitted his proposal for the new institute of psychology to the Faculty of Humanities. His initiative was supported enthusiastically by Bartók György Málnási, professor of philosophy. On 18 December, 1929, Kuno Klebelsberg, minister of education founded the Pedagogy-Psychology Institute at the University of Szeged. Klebelsberg appointed Hildebrand Dezso Várkonyi (1888-1971), a Benedictine priest teacher as head of the new institute. With this event the first institute of psychology was founded in Hungary. This paper follows through the institutional history of psychology at the University of Szeged from the foundation of the institute until the present.
17

PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS WITH WILLIAMS SYNDROME AND DOWN SYNDROME

100%
Jariabkova K., Ruisel I., Andreanska V., Bzduch V.
Studia Psychologica
|
2006
|
vol. 48
|
issue 4
361-370
EN
This study presents an attempt to approach the personality characteristics of the adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome and those with Down syndrome from the perspective of the Big Five personality dimensions. The parents of 22 individuals with Williams syndrome (age range 14 to 37 years) and 22 individuals with Down syndrome (age range 14 to 38 years) as well as the parents of those from two chronological age- and gender-matched control groups from a nonclinical population completed the FFI-MH questionnaire (author I. Ruisel). The results showed lower openness to the experience in both the Williams syndrome and the Down syndrome groups than in their control groups. The Williams syndrome group was assessed higher on extroversion and neuroticism and lower on conscientiousness than its control group as well as the Down syndrome group. The agreeableness did not differ across groups. The data are discussed within the framework of the results from the previous research.
18

Sense of coherence changes after psychotherapy of alcohol dependence and neurotic disorders 1

100%
Mroziak B., Gruszczynska E., Szymona K.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2006
|
vol. 37
|
issue 2
65-73
EN
The aim of the study was to check whether sense of coherence (SOC) can be altered in psychotherapy, and if so, whether the changes are stable and related to the baseline SOC level. Participants were 101 alcohol dependent patients (ALC) entering a 6-week alcohol treatment program at the Dependence Treatment Center, IPiN in Warsaw, and 54 neurotic patients (NEU) hospitalized for 10 weeks at the Psychiatric Clinic, Medical Academy in Lublin. They were examined thrice using Antonovsky's Orientation to Life (SOC-29) questionnaire: pre- and post-treatment, and by mail at a 6-month (NEU) or 12-month (ALC) follow-up. GLM with Repeated Measures with baseline weak (wSOC) or strong SOC (sSOC) as between-subject factor, and MDC analysis were used. A highly significant and stable enhancement of SOC was found after treatment in wSOC patients in both groups, ALC (in 58% of patients) and NEU (in 23%). In sSOC patients there was a ceiling effect (a mild, but significant and stable SOC increase) in the ALC group, while in NEU group the SOC level decreased (only 7% of patients indicated a stable real increase).
19

MIND AND LIFE: A DIALOGUE FOR EMOTIONAL HEALTH

100%
Kossakowski R.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2006
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1-2
293-305
EN
The text relates to the attempt of constructing the common framework for the development of positive emotions by the world of science and buddhism. Scholars and buddhists (including the XIV Dalai Lama) are trying to draw upon the practical and theoretical output of both traditions within the Mind and life Institute conference. As a result of such a dialogue we witness the emergence of therapeutic programs using the techniques of buddhist meditation (various traditions of this religion) in psychological clinic as well as pain and stress management centers. Buddhist meditation may complement rich plethora of methods used by western psychologists.
20

GOALS, PROJECTS, STRIVINGS (Part) I. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION (Celok, tervek, torekvesek I. Elmeleti megfontolasok es alkalmazasi lehetosegek)

100%
Martos T.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 64
|
issue 2
331-358
EN
The first part of the paper describes the role of goals in personality as well as the theoretical and practical issues of surveying goals. Goals are significant factors from several points of view, including phenomenological, functional, personality and social psychological ones. Goals may be useful in describing important aspects of human functioning. There is a flexible and versatile array of research tools for studying goals. Four aspects are analyzed in this regard: focus of the research question, need of a theoretical framework, hierarchy of the goal system and choice of the goal evaluations. Three research areas are presented as examples for applying goal theory and methodology: 1. approach and avoidance tendencies in goals and their consequences for healthy psychological functioning; 2. self focused goals' significance in personality psychology and 3. goal constructs in the psychology of religion and spirituality. The first part of the paper is confined by discussing the possibility of practical applications, as well as further research tasks and open questions.
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