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The source of Late Mesolithic obsidian recovered from Rydno XIII/1959, Central Poland

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Hughes R. E., Werra D. H.

Archeologia Polski

2014

vol. 59

issue 1-2

31-46

More than 40 years ago R. Schild reported the presence of obsidian and Vistulian lithics at Rydno XIII/1959 in central Poland, and speculated that the geological source for the obsidian lay in the Tokay region of Hungary. Non-destructive energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis was conducted recently on the Rydno XIII obsidian artifacts, and the data generated support R. Schild, M. Marczak and H. Królik’s suggestion (1975). The geological source of obsidian from a late Mesolithic site in Poland has been documented for the first time by instrumental data results.

Materiały krzemienne z cmentarzyska kultury wielbarskiej w Weklicach, stan. 7, pow. elbląski

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Natuniewicz-Sekuła M., Werra D. H.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

2014

vol. LXV

issue 65

197-210

The article reports on a group of 22 flint artefacts (Table 1, fig. 1–4) recovered in 2012 and 2013 from the fill of graves and a feature (graves nos. 586, 587, 588, 590; feature 590A – a robbery tunnel leading to grave 590), and from a layer [100A-B] underlying the bottom of the pits of the graves named above. The flint assemblage is marked by the diversity of its raw material in terms of colour, translucence and lustre (Table 1). Most specimens were struck from a local resource (Baltic erratic flint, Pomeranian flint). Flakes form the largest group, followed by, blades and flint waste. The absence of diagnostic flints and core forms prevents closer chronological determinations. The flints could be the remains of activity by prehistoric communities spanning the Final Palaeolithic through to the Early Bronze Age. A more outstanding find in the group is an endscraper struck from Baltic erratic flint recovered from layer [100B] below grave 586 (Fig. 1:8) and a side crested blade of Pomeranian flint – recovered from layer [100B] below grave 586 (Fig. 1:5). However, the chronological and cultural attribution of these finds cannot be determined basing on their metric and technological attributes. The most interesting in the presented assemblage is a retouched blade discovered in grave 588 (Fig. 1:12). Its material is Cretaceous flint (Volhynian flint?). Basing on its metric parameters, its material and the presence of trough-like retouch this piece may be assigned to Eneolithic flint working (A. Zakościelna 1996, p. 105). Similar retouched blades struck from Cretaceous flint with a stepped and trough-like retouch are known from the assemblages known from the Lublin-Volhynian, Funnel Beaker and Tripolye Cultures (A. Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa 1979; J. Libera, A. Zakościelna 2006). The stratigraphic situation not understood sufficiently enough to allow more general conclusions on the character and dating of the layer containing the flints. Nevertheless, the presence of worked flints in a Roman Period cemetery suggests a number of possible interpretations: 1) the flints are residual artefacts, introduced into the fill of the Wielbark Culture graves when they were cut into an older stratigraphy; 2) the flints are part of Wielbark Culture flint working; 3) they are flint artefacts from an earlier age that were deposited intentionally in the graves by the Wielbark community.

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1 Archeologia Polski

1 Wiadomości Archeologiczne

2 2014

2 Werra D. H.

1 Hughes R. E.

1 Natuniewicz-Sekuła M.

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The source of Late Mesolithic obsidian recovered from Rydno XIII/1959, Central Poland

Materiały krzemienne z cmentarzyska kultury wielbarskiej w Weklicach, stan. 7, pow. elbląski