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1

PARS PRO TOTO I MONOSANDALIZM (NA KANWIE MONOGRAFII THORSBERGER MOOR)

100%
Baranowski T.
Archeologia Polski
|
2018
|
vol. 63
175-182
EN
Weapon offering deposits have been discovered on peat-bog cult sites from the Roman period in Denmark and Germany; Thorsberger Moor near Schlezwig is one of the better known sites of this kind. Publications are useful for in-depth analysis and interpretation of different aspects of culture. Intentionally destroyed weapons of defeated enemies are believed to have been deposited as offerings. One example of this way of thinking in reference to Thorsberg is the presence, almost without exception, of the left shoes. This example of monosandalism, which appears in different cultures starting with the ancient Greeks, is not pars pro toto evidence of human offerings, especially in view of finds of this kind from Alken Enge near Illerup Adal.
2
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Nowe wyniki badań archeologicznych grodziska na Zawodziu w Kaliszu

63%
Baranowski T., Gajewski L.
Studia Lednickie
|
1991
|
vol. 2
109-115
DE
Die Verfasser stellen die Ergebnisse von Forschungen innerhalb des Burgwalls in Zawodzie in Kalisz dar, die in den Jahren 1985-87 durchgeführt worden sind. Ihr wichtigstes Resultat war die Entdeckung – unter Grundmauern steinerner Bauten, die bereits aus den Forschungen in den vorigen Jahren bekannt waren – der Überreste einer Kriche aus Lehm und Holz (A) mit einem quadratischen Schiff und einem quadratähnlichen Presbyterium (Abb. 1). Der Fußboden war gehärtet mit Lehm, Kies und Gefäβfragmenten. Die Kirche A wurde von einem Brand vernichtet und an ihrer Stelle wurde in der 2. Hälfte des 11. Jh. oder Anfang des 12. Jh. eine steinerne Kirche (B) errichtet von ähnlichem Umriβ, aber größeren Abmessungen. Nachdem auch diese Kirche der Vernichtung unterlag, wurde an der Stelle ihres Presbyteriums vermutlich eine Rotunde und im westlichen Teil ein rechteckiger Turm gebaut.
3

RADIOCARBON DATING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL CHANGES AT THE MEDIEVAL STRONGHOLD OF ZAWODZIE (KALISZ, CENTRAL POLAND

63%
Baranowski T., Calderoni G.
Archeologia Polski
|
2008
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vol. 53
|
issue 2
319-337
EN
The ongoing research on the well known medieval stronghold of Zawodzie (southern outskirts of Kalisz, Great Poland) yielded new results of some concern for assessing both the chronology of the most ancient anthropic layers and the timing relationships between frequentation/settlement/expansion phases and the climatic pattern of the region. Concerning the first issue, based on the scant findings brought to light by systematic excavations (particularly worth of mention a terra sigillata potsherd) the authors that half a century ago pioneered in the archaeology of the fortified settlement hinted that the first prolonged frequentation/occupation of the site could be backdated to the Roman times. The 14C reading of 250-410 cal A.D., yielded by a wooden-pebbly structure found in the deepest anthropic layer of the site and referred to a relict of river embankment against flooding is a sound prove that the site has been enough stably occupied at the times of the Late Roman Empire. Further, the wooden remnants uncovered in a distinct trench and referred to the first phase of the fortification of the medieval settlement have been dated at 770-950 cal A.D., in fair stratigraphic and archaeological coherence with the findings in the overlying layers. By considering the rich data set available it resulted that the timing of both the occupation in Roman times and the first settlement fortification development is bracketed within large-scale, cold-dry, almost flooding-free climatic phases which have been recorded in Poland as well as throughout the Mediterranean area. 6 Figures
4

THE HISTORY OF THE MEDIEVAL OPEN SETTLEMENT OF STARE MIASTO (CIVITAS ANTIQUA) AT KALISZ (GREATER POLAND) TRACKED BY ISOTOPE DATING METHODOLOGY (Dzieje wczesnosredniowiecznej osady na Starym Miescie (Civitas Antiqua) w Kaliszu (Wielkopolska) w swietle

51%
Baranowski T., Calderoni G., Martinez M. P.
Archeologia Polski
|
2009
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
67-92
EN
A comprehensive survey of the literature data and the critical re-examination of the excavation documentation dealing with the past archaelogical investigations provided further evidence that the foundation of the Middle Age Kalisz was mainly triggered by the economic, social and political impulses sparkling out from Zawodzie (Polish for 'behind the water') and Stare Miasto (Polish for 'Old Town'), two among the numerous Early Medieval settlements located in the area. Based on isotope dating as a tool for overcoming some uncertainties encountered by the archaeological analysis, this paper is addressed to discuss the actual temporal relationships between the occupation models recognized at Stare Miasto since the Early and Late Middle Age up to the times of the urbanization of Kalisz. In turn, the Zawodzie settlement, strictly interconnected to Stare Miasto and sharing an analogous concern for understanding the cultural evolution of the ancient settlers has been previously studied and the results were reported elsewhere. Among the several trenches opened at Stare Miasto those referred to as X and XII have been selected due to the abundant findings and the relatively undisturbed stratification displayed on the walls. The trenches, dug at the top of a partially eroded relief on the reach occupied by the burial ground of the settlement, revealed a rather complex stratigraphy. Therefore, as an attempt for overcoming the difficulty of interpretation and to establish at the best the chronostratigraphical sequence some organic materials were collected for radiocarbon dating. The five 14C samples (one from charcoal and two from human bones and wood fragments, respectively) bracketed two fairly distinct chronological intervals, 1165-1280 and 780-960 cal. A.D., respectively. Two out of the three youngest ages were yielded by well preserved bone samples which, because of such features, have been reasonably referred to the last burials prior to the erosion of the reach of the relief on which the cemetery was located. The third coeval sample, a wood fragment from the same trench, could be analogously assigned to a structure implemented shortly before the burial ground dismantling by erosion. On these bases it has been argued that a dry/warm climatic phase involving fluvial erosion could have affect the area during the second half of the 12th and most of the 13th c., just prior to the beginning of the world-wide climate deterioration of the Little Ice Age. Finally, the ages of a wood and a charcoal specimens originated from distinct stratigraphic units of trench X resulted exactly coincident and calibrated at 780-960 cal. A.D. These samples are of some concern in that they fit into the time-span previously assigned to the first development phase of the fortified Zawodzie settlement and therefore provide us with sound evidence about the co-existence, on a close but distinct relief, of the Stare Miasto open settlement since Early Middle Age. As a result, by coupling the archaeological evidence with isotope data conclusion is drawn that the stepwise transition from the pristine, unruly Stare Miasto open settlement towards a proto-urban organization to coordinate and carry out economic activities lasted some four centuries. Figs 3.
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