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Nietypowy zespół grobowy z cmentarzyska kultury przeworskiej w Biejkowie, stan. 9, pow. Białobrzegi

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Szela A., Instytut Archeologii U. W.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2007
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vol. 25
DE
Das vorgestellte Umengrab beinhaltet eine Frauenbestattung und hat die reichste Ausstattung im Gräberfeld. Aufgrund der Fibel A. VII mit oberer Sehne (?) wird es in die Stufe Clb datiert. Ungewöhnlich im Grabinventar sind mehrere Bronzebeigaben, die in der Przeworsk-Kultur, besonders ihrem westlichen Teil, nicht allzu oft Vorkommen. Sie weisen keine Brandspuren auf, während die Eisengegenstände mit Feuerpatina bedeckt und die Knochen stark verbrannt sind. Die meisten Grabbeigaben sind für die Przeworsk-Kultur eher untypisch, wie Bronzefingerringe mit Spiralscheiben, Fingerringe aus Hirschgeweih und ein Anhänger mit anthropomorphischer Darstellung. In Frage kommen sarmatische und baltische Einflüsse sowie aus dem Bereich der Wielbark-Kultur. Die unverbrannten, ungewöhnlichen Beigaben veranlassen mich, die Bestattung als fremd im Przeworsk-Milieu zu betrachten, obwohl die beigesetzte Frau sicher mit der Bevölkerungsgruppe, die das Gräberfeld in Biejków belegte, eng verbunden war.
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Brudnice, woj. mazowieckie. Badania w latach 2009-2010

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Szela A.
Światowit
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2009-2010
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vol. Tom VIII (XLIX), fasc. B
169-173
EN
The cemetery in Brudnice was discovered in 2003. In the same year a brief reconnaissance examination was carried out, which confirmed the existence of the Przeworsk Culture necropolis. The discovered cemetery is situated in the area of a putative settlement void which extends from the city Mława to the River Drwęca; furthermore, it was strongly disturbed by a sand and gravel pit. The author therefore decided to start excavation works, which have continued uninterruptedly since 2004. In 2006, apart from the Przeworsk Culture graves, also the Wielbark Culture graves were discovered for the first time. In 2009-2010 works were conducted in the southern part of the necropolis, which was occupied by features of the Wielbark Culture. In each season a stripe was uncovered which was 10 m wide along the N-S axis and 60 m long along the W-E axis. 40 archaeological features were discovered in the area which was uncovered in 2009, and 70 were found in 2010. These were mainly cremation pit graves. Features containing pottery were rare. Apart from that, 7 skeleton graves were uncovered. These features were located in two parts of the necropolis, i.e., the central and the eastern ones. The depth of particular features varied considerably and it oscillated between 8 and 70 cm. A various degree of preservation of the features, and first of all their various depths clearly demonstrate the enormous destruction of the cemetery. It resulted both from years-long activity of the local State Agricultural Farm (PGR) and from much more dangerous deep ploughing in prepration of the area for a young forest, which now neighbours the necropolis. Traces of ploughing can be seen in the tops of numerous cremation features, which were considerably disturbed by it. In spite of the fact that the cemetery was considerably destroyed, it yields invaluable data on the first centuries AD in Northern Masovia. This is especially true for Features 279 and 282, which are considerably different from other ones with regard to their furnishings. Attention is especially drawn to Feature 282, where a complete skeleton and numerous finds survived in almost perfect condition. The preserved cranium allowed for a reconstruction of a putative appearance of the deceased woman. Fragments of garments which survived at bronze ornaments may be invaluable help in an attempt at reconstructing her dress. The preserved cloth suggests that the buried person was covered with a mantle or wrapped in a shroud, apart from her ordinary dress. The dead was additionally covered with bark, which is undoubtedly demonstrated by its preserved fragments. Furnishings of other skeleton graves is of equal interest. Based on them, we can date the graves to the Migration Period, even to the 2nd quarter of the 5th c. AD. The Brudnice necropolis is therefore not only an extremely significant site with regard to learning about the changes in Northern Masovia at the turn of the 2nd and the 3rd c. AD, when intensive Eastern Przeworsk settlement declined in favour of the incomers from the north (the Goths). It also sheds completely new light on the decline of this cultural cycle in the Migration Period. This is on the one hand a very turbulent period. On the other hand, it is extremely interesting and still practically unexamined in this part of Barbaricum.
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Brudnice, st. V, woj. mazowieckie. Badania w roku 2011

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Szela A.
Światowit
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2012
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vol. Tom IX (L), fasc. B
281-286
EN
The year 2011 was the ninth season of the presence of archaeologists at the site at Brudnice and the eighth season of systematic excavations. In its course it was possible to excavate more than 750 m2 of the site and to discover as many as 152 archaeological features. A majority of them were settlement features related to the earlier (Przeworsk) phase of use of the site. These features were mainly post holes and pits of different kind - midden and storage pits. In one of such pits a flint arrowhead was found in a secondary deposit (Fig. 1). Its form is characteristic for the population of the Trzciniec Culture from Period II of the Bronze Age. Apart from settlement features, 31 sepulchral features of the Wielbark Culture were also exposed. In most cases these were cremation pit graves; regrettably, they were relatively poorly furnished. Furthermore, two urn graves and seven inhumation graves were discovered. In one of the latter (Feature 389), an almost complete skeleton remained. The burial was furnished with two bronze fibulae of Types A.162 and A.170. At the feet of the interred person there was a layer of evidently burnt black soil, which contained burnt human remains (fig. 2). This is the first case of a biritual grave at the necropolis at Brudnice. As all the trenches which were marked out in 2011 were situated in a place of intense farming at the time of existence of the local State Agricultural Farm (PGR), and this area was additionally subject to deep ploughing for a forest which grows in its neighbourhood, excavation works were preceded by a prospection of the terrain with the use of metal detectors. In result of that, numerous finds were acquired. Among them, a bronze fibula of Type A.185- 186 with a profiled knob on its bow (Bugelknopffibel) proved to be the most interesting. The foot of the fibula broadens in a triangular way and is ornamented with a so-called metope and an ornament of punched dots (Fig. 3). A similar ornament can also be seen in four places on both sides of the bow, which is triangular in cross-section. The knob on the head is profiled with twelve triangular facets, which are additionally emphasised with delicate engraved lines. Fibulae of Bugelknopffibel type are extremely rare finds (Vofi 2008). Examples with profiled knobs are even more sporadic. Concerning the territory of Poland, only a few examples are mentioned in literature. These are finds from the sites at Dębczyn, Gwiazdowo, Szczecin-Zdrój and Trzebusz, which are located in the territory of the Dębczyn Group (MACHAJEWSKI 2008: 153-154, fig. 16; EGGERS, STARY, 2001: 147, table 381:3,3a). A knob of another fibula was found in the territory of the Land of Lublin (KOKOWSKI 1988: 250, fig. 4:c). The fibula from Brudnice is the first find of this type from the territory of Masovia. Fibulae with a polyhedral knob on the bow are dated to Phase C3-D, although individual finds occur as early as Phase C2, and also later, in the beginnings of the 5th c. (Phase D). The settlement which was excavated in 2011, situ¬ated in the direct vicinity of the cemetery, changes the hitherto defined nature of the site - a unique bicultural necropolis. It can be said now that the site is a settlement complex, which is of crucial significance to learn about the changes in the first centuries AD in the territory of Northern Masovia.
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