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Pursuing a policy of national energy security and diversification of energy suppliers, taking advantage of decrease in the activity of American political and economic actors in the Latin America region, Beijing successfully develops a cooperation with countries of the region, giving it the rank of a „strategic partnership“. Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China, the Maoist authorities' foreign policy focused mainly on distributing the ideology and limiting the economic cooperation to the necessary minimum. This concerned mainly the third world: Asia, Africa, and Latin America. With the collapse of the Maoist radicals and implementation of the „opening to the world“ policy by Deng Xiaoping, the political cooperation with countries of Latin Amer-ica gave way to the development of trade exchange, and since there has occurred a loss of self-sufficiency in raw materials and energy, a pressure of Beijing to intensify economic cooperation, with an emphasis on this sector of the national economy, particularly sensitive, especially in the changing structure of a multipolar world, clearly increases. China, using „soft elements“ of the foreign policy, effectively builds their position in Latin America, using the potential accumulated in huge foreign exchange reserves of the state and central man-agement system for the largest economic and bank actors, creating, „incidentally“, new markets for their increasingly processed products with higher and higher degree of techno-logical advancement. Despite the intensification of cooperation, Latin American countries are becoming increasingly assertive towards China, being afraid of possible consequences of „cooling“ of the economic growth in the Middle Kingdom and development of its political influence in the region.
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PL
Abstrakt: Japonia w polityce bezpieczeństwa ChRL Jednym z głównych ogniw bezpieczeństwa Chin, zarówno w przeszłości, jak i współcześnie, są relacje z tego państwa z Japonią, na które silnie oddziałują czynnik historyczny, uwarunkowania gospodarcze i tendencje obu krajów do pełnienia wiodącej roli w regionie Azji Wschodniej. Najistotniejszym problemem, wpływającym na stan wzajemnych stosunków, jest rosnący konflikt dotyczący zasięgu wpływów na obszarach morskich, a w szczególności wysp Senkaku/Diaoyu. Istotne miejsce zarówno w polityce ChRL jak też Japonii zajmuje problem niezależności Tajwanu. W celu zabezpieczenia własnych interesów Chiny podejmują polityczne decyzje dotyczące obszaru wchodzącego w zakres własnej strefy wpływów,  intensywnie rozwijają potencjał zbrojny marynarki wojennej, co powoduje adekwatną reakcję Japonii, której podstawą bezpieczeństwa jest dotychczas sojusz ze Stanami Zjednoczonymi. W konsekwencji ujawniają się rosnące napięcia między rządami obu państw i rozwijają się nacjonalistyczne postawy obu społeczeństw. Słowa kluczowe: polityka bezpieczeństwa Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej, współpraca gospodarcza, potencjał sił marynarki wojennej, uwarunkowania geopolityczne, Tajwan, Senkaku/Diaoyu.   Abstract: Japan in security policy of the PRC One of the main links of China's security, both in the past and today, involve the relations of that state with Japan, which are strongly affected by the historical factor, economic conditions and trends of both countries to perform a leading role in Eastern Asia. The most important problem affecting the relations is a growing conflict about the range of impacts on marine areas, in particular the islands of Senkaku/Diaoyu. Taiwan independence plays an important role in the politics of both the PRC and Japan. In order to protect own interests, China takes political decisions about the area falling within its own sphere of influence, intensively develop the potential of armed navy, which causes the adequate reaction of Japan, based on security is the alliance with the United States. As a consequence, growing tension can be observed between the governments of the two states, and nationalistic attitudes of both societies develop. Keywords: security policy of the People's Republic of China, economic cooperation, naval forces, geopolitical considerations, Taiwan, Senkaku/Diaoyu.
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