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Duševné zdravie ako komplexný dynamický systém: sieťový prístup k psychopatológii

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Ropovik I., Adamkovič M., Baník G.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2021
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vol. 65
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issue 1
31-45
EN
Currently, mental disorders are usually concep-tualized as a hidden causal factor, manifested by its symptoms. This notion rests upon the reflective latent model, which is implicitly at work every time complex symptomatology gets summarized by a single number or a categorical state. The present paper reflects on the quantita-tive, testable implications of this psychometric model and shows how its restraints are untena-ble for most mental disorders. The observed data are instead consistent with mental disorders be-ing complex dynamic systems. Instead of being treated as interchangeable measures of the same latent factor, symptoms likely act as independ-ent causal entities, directly affecting each other. In recent years, this shift in ontological stance toward psychopathology has laid a basis for adapting the network theory. Under this theory, a mental disorder is a relatively stable emergent state, which arises due to a pronounced and re-current interaction of causally linked symptoms. It is discussed how models embedded within the network theory can help provide insight into the etiopathogenesis of mental disorders and ad-dress clinical intervention. In conclusion, limits and future challenges to the network theory are discussed.
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Štruktúra zdravotnej gramotnosti u adolescentov

88%
Boberová Z., Ropovik I., Kolarčik P., Madarasová Gecková A., Paakkari L.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2019
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vol. 63
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issue 1
1-12
EN
Objectives. The current study dealt with the concept of health literacy in adolescents. The main aim of the study was to examine the structure of adolescents, health literacy. The aim was also to discuss the current need and potential for the development of adolescents, health literacy in educational setting. Sample and settings. The sample comprised 290 participants from four Slovak elementary schools. The participants were in the 7th and 9th grade. Adolescents, health literacy was measured using HLSAC with additional items approved by the HBSC expert group (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children). Hypothesis. The authors assumed that in the given population, health literacy falls along 5 theory-based distinct dimensions. Statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analy- sis explicitly modeling the ordered categorical nature of the data was carried out. Results. As opposed to the hypothesized 5-factor structure, unequivocally collinear relationships between the proposed factors strongly suggested that health literacy is unitary in the given population. An overall sum score can thus be regarded an internally consistent proxy for the underlying construct. Study limitations. Cluster sampling. Sample size not allowing for the comparison of the latent structure across levels of age and gender.
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