The analysis of remarkable finds from the selected sites of Spiš, monitored within the framework of the EU Structural Funds, operational programme Research and Development. From Poprad-Matejovce (Zadné rovne) comes Mousterian point made of the original Levallois radiolarite point. Typologically, it belongs to the Middle Paleolithic. The Štrba (Za Kolombiarkom) site is known for 12 pieces of chipped stone industry from the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian) and Mesolithic. A unique value can be attributed to the quartz porphyry of Hungarian origin (Bükk Mountains). Three artefacts from the assumed Epipaleolithic were found in Lučivná (Roveň). In the Spišské Vlachy (Plantal) site it is especially a penknife left backed point made of obsidian, belonging to the Epipaleolithic – t he Federmesser or Witów group. Other artefacts are Mesolithic, the obsidian arrow head comes from the Eneolithic. In the Doľany site (Pod Brusníkom) a clay anthropomorphic plastic art from the Middle Neolithic was found. An Eneolithic stone hammer-axe from the Spišský Hrušov – Vítkovce (Medza) site is a rare find. The torso of a clay anthropomorphic idol from Veľká Lomnica (Burchbrich) is related to the Ottoman-Füzesabony Culture, documented in a hill-top site. An incomplete decorated bronze diadem of the Istebné type was obtained from the Kežmarok (Jeruzalemský vrch) site. In addition to Istebné in Orava, analogical diadems are spread in other Slovak regions (Turiec, Gemer), where they are related to the late Hallstatt Orava group of Lausitz Culture. The dating of the diadems of this type is different for individual authors, fluctuating between the HB to HD stages.
Spiš is the region in northern Slovakia with evidence of an intensive settlement in the Middle, Late and Final La Tène periods by bearers of the Púchov culture (including the pre-Púchov horizon). Systematic field-walking collections include also fragments of glass bracelets and beads. The obtained set consists of 12 fragments of bracelets and 41 glass beads from six sites. The biggest concentration of these finds is at two known fortified settlement in Jánovce-Machalovce (distr. of Poprad), position Pod Hradiskom, and in Žehra (distr. of Spišská Nová Ves), position Severný svah (Spišský hrad). The bracelets are of cobalt-blue colour. According to N. Venclová (1990) they belong to the types 6b/2 (5 pieces), 7b (3 pieces), 7c (1 piece), 11 (1 piece) and 15 (2 pieces). All these are bracelets that are dated to the Middle La Tène period LT C1-C2 (cca. a half of the 3rd up to a half of the 2nd cent. BC). The beads scale is more colourful. The set includes small circular beads of cobalt-blue colour, that are prevailing, beads with blue-white layered dots on white, in one case on yellow ground and a fragment of a solid translucent bead of brown-rose colour. The surface is decorated with yellow engraved lines. The masklike bead belongs to the group of beads with human faces.
The paper deals with the glass beads of Kyjatice culture. This paper summarizes and interprets the glass beads from the two cremation burial grounds (Dvorníky-Včeláre, Radzovce) and from the cave (Háj-Kostrová) from the south of the Middle and East Slovakia.
The results are presented from the archaeological excavation of the site Lučivná - Lučivnianska cave 1, Poprad district (2003). Relatively extensive osteological material from ten mammalian species and nine bird species was found. The species indicate three types of the Paleontology environment. The first one is a cold, treeless landscape - tundra or Arctic steppe. It is attested by the presence of reindeer and two ptarmigan species. The second type of Paleontology environment is the transfer to a cold forest steppe with sparse grasses. Cave bear, horse and steppe crane may have lived here. The last landscape type is characterised by warmer climate, forests and grasses with water. This type may belong to the beginning of the Holocene, based on the found fauna of mammals and birds. The world climate became considerably warmer and in our conditions forest vegetation started to spread. The presence of forest has been confirmed by finds of both types of grouse, golden eagle and mammals (deer, roe deer and brown bear). The presence of water is confirmed by finds of water birds remains (duck and ruff). The osteological material was accompanied by a silicite blade of Upper Paleolithic character. Along with most of the recorded fauna it belongs probably to the Epipaleolithic, which has also been confirmed on open settlements (Lučivná, Lučivná/Svit, Spišská Teplica, Veľký Slavkov), in caves in the nearby area (Teplica - cave Suchá diera) and in the wider region of upper Spiš (Haligovce - cave Aksamitka). More specific chronological-cultural classification of Paleolithic finds from Lučivnianska cave 1 remains unclear. Radiocarbon dating C14 of finds from the presented cave is still missing. Some of the animal bones may have been brought to the cave by carnivores and are thus not necessarily related to the presence of Paleolithic hunters.
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